The Independent Order

Roleplay => Factbooks and Maps => Topic started by: Daitō on April 05, 2020, 03:29:42 PM

Title: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Fusan
Post by: Daitō on April 05, 2020, 03:29:42 PM
The Empire of Fusan
大扶桑帝國
Dai-Fusō Teikoku


(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/yf1yducldasgg5v7htmpy/Seal-of-the-Imperial-House.png?rlkey=v1fk2nwo2p430w938snbgzyev&raw=1)
Imperial Emblem

(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/937083714243010660/1034135721348444160/unknown.png?ex=65e5f171&is=65d37c71&hm=71abb2d8c9804566e3165de7abe96901abfac53fef4662f94fc043061cadbe14&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Civil and State Flag

(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/937083714243010660/1104088119499833374/image.png?ex=65eb4230&is=65d8cd30&hm=a18ee766d048d8e3c534bba26db308a1f9d52e4ecdfeb39719f4dbe1a23d0543&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Alternative State Flag


”HAKKŌ ICHIU."


   The Empire of Fusan (大扶桑帝國, Dai-Fusō Teikoku; alt. 大大和帝國, Dai-Yamato Teikoku), or just Fusan, for short, is a Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy located in East Ardia and the Kyne. Although it claims to have been founded in 660 BC by Emperor Shin'ō, historically, it can trace its roots "only" to Emperor Tengyō, who founded the earliest form of the Fusanese state in 231 BCE. In its current form, it has existed since the late 1860s, with a parliament, the Imperial Diet, being founded in 1896, although it was greatly weakened between 1937 and 1961 in favor of other bodies. As of 2023, Fusan has a population of 295,087,964, making it the second largest country by population on Mundus. Its people enjoy strong political and individual rights as well as a high standard of living, with universal healthcare, low unemployment and poverty rates, and a high GDP.

OVERVIEW
   

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

   TBA

10 LARGEST CITIES IN FUSAN


Spoiler: show




Shinkyō — Shinkyō Special Administrative City
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Tokyo_Tower_at_night_8.JPG/640px-Tokyo_Tower_at_night_8.JPG)
Population: 9,876,304


Awara — Awara Special Administrative City
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/644254647292526612/894174659967324190/unknown.png)
Population: 3,786,982


Urasoe — Chibu Prefecture
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/SendaiCity_Skylines_from_Mukaiyama2018.jpg/640px-SendaiCity_Skylines_from_Mukaiyama2018.jpg)
Population: 2,782,100


Otsu — Hidaka Prefecture
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/675376616158920750/894175244791713802/unknown.png)
Population: 2,422,859


Yuzawa — Yuzawa Prefecture
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/675376616158920750/894175937132892222/unknown.png)
Population: 2,201,872


Goris — Tsukishima Prefecture
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/675376616158920750/894176282038919168/unknown.png)
Population: 1,977,403


Shibetsu — Ishikari Prefecture
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/675376616158920750/894176683953905704/640px-Niigata_City.png)
Population: 1,874,906


Tenkyō — Tenkyō Special Administrative City
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/937083619120394250/989166709032226867/unknown.png)
Population: 1,504,986


Saito — Muroran Prefecture
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/675376616158920750/894177554410405958/640px-Hamamatsu_near_city_hall.png)
Population: 1,496,183


GOVERNMENT

TBA
PARTIES OF THE IMPERIAL DIET
House of Representatives
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/t7ew6m6abagn7fltdgeso/HoR.png?rlkey=dhem60kb4gl5ydzfp6m31oz7l&raw=1)
House of Peers
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/g24ia1jaa2wh0rvthx4d0/HoP.png?rlkey=c2nehnv5qjhytkojjlzybrhxa&raw=1)


National Anthem:
Kimigayo
(His Majesty's Reign)

 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apvQj4r-5z8)
TBA

Capital: Shinkyō
Largest city: Shinkyō

Demonym:
 Fusanese

Government: Federal
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy
 

Legislature: Imperial Diet

Population: 295,087,964

HDI: 0.919 (Very High)

Currency: Imperial Mon (¥)
ER: 文0.930=$1

Time zone: UTC -02:00 - UTC +02:00

Drives on the: Left

Calling code: +81

Internet TLD: .dt

Space Program: National Space Development Agency (NASDA)
Title: Re: The Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on April 05, 2020, 04:06:16 PM

ECONOMY

The economy of Daitō is a highly developed free-market economy. Having the third highest nominal GDP, it ranks among the world’s largest developed economies, fueled by a large population and a strong demographic structure. As of the start of 2023, the nominal GDP per Capita was $40,330.46. While many struggle to afford to own a home of their own as a result of a long-term housing crisis resulting from the financial crisis of the early 2000s, the nation maintains a low poverty rate, with only around 15.9% of the population being classified as being in poverty and just 2.35% earning $10 or less per day. The nation’s unemployment rate is currently at 1.61%, and its HDI is 0.919, ranking among the highest in the world.

With regards to taxes, income tax in the country ranges from 5% for those who only earn up to 文11,000 per year to up to 40% for the highest earners. Corporate taxes are set at 29.1%, and while rates are generally set by the prefectures, sales tax is on average roughly 8.1% in the country.

For primary industries, beyond agriculture, Daitō is a net exporter of petroleum, copper ore, lithium, and iron ore. It also produces natural gas, although the infrastructure there is not nearly on the same scale as for petroleum extraction and refinement, while restrictions exist on its export due to its strategic importance. As for secondary industries, the country is a major manufacturer of automobiles and aircraft components, as well as plain sheet metal. It is also one of the world’s largest producers of both IT equipment and semiconductors. Finally, in terms of tertiary industries, Daitō provides a number of services, ranging from IT and financial services to transportation and education. Daitōjin retailers have a presence across East Ardia as well. Of course, one could not mention this sector without mentioning the entertainment industry, with Daitō being a major hub for the industry going back to the 1910s.

DEMOGRAPHICS

The population of Daitō is currently growing at an annual rate of 0.50% and is currently at around 295,087,964 people. The nation's population has nearly doubled since 1961, although birth rates have slowed since then. The vast majority of the population is found in Ardia, with 15% residing in Tsukishima and the remainder on the mainland or in the Satsunan islands. Regarding ethnicity, approximately 85% of the population belongs to the Yamato, an ethnicity belonging to the Ōnishic ethnolinguistic group, which includes individuals from the nation itself, Rokkenjima, and Toshikawa, although 97% of them are from Daitō itself. 1.8% of the population is Satsunanjin, primarily hailing from the Satsunan Islands, although some are descendants of settlers on the mainland and Tsukishima. 6% are natives of Tsukishima, their ancestors hailing from the west in the 15th century. Otherwise, 1.7% of the population belongs to various other native ethnicities and 5.9% belong to other foreign ethnic groups, with the largest of those being the Ardians and the Phuebrans.

In terms of religion, the native Teidō faith and Buddhism are the most common, with its practitioners making up 87% of the population (most Buddhists also practice Teidō). 5% of the population does not profess any faith whatsoever or is undecided. 5.5% of the population belongs to a christian denomination, with the largest being various forms of protestantism at around 2.5%. 2% belong to the Catholic church, while 1% belong to various other churches, with a significant part of said percent belonging to the indigenous nestorian church. Finally, 2.5% of the population practices Rosarity, native to Rokkenjima, mostly located within Tōsandō circuit, although a small community exists on Tsukishima.

Currency:
Imperial Mon (文)
文1 = $1.075
$1 = 文0.930
 (https://independentorder.net/index.php?topic=1822.msg21286#msg21286)
(Nominal) GDP:
$11.901 Trillion

(Nominal) GDP
per capita
:
$40,330.46

(PPP) GDP:
$17.260 trillion

(PPP) GDP
per capita
:
$58,491.26

HDI: 0.919

Gini Coefficient: 36.73%

Unemployment: 1.61%

Labor force:
201.5 million

Labor force by occupation:
Agriculture: 3.18%
Industry: 21.41%
Services: 75.41%

Income Tax Rate: 5-40%

Corporate Tax Rate: 29.1%

Sales Tax Rate: 8.1%

Ethnicity
2023 Census Data
Ōnishi: 85%
Dalseomese 6%
Amami: 1.8%
Other native: 1.7%
Other foreign: 5.5%

Religion
Teidō/
Buddhism
: 87*%
Rosarity: 2.5%
Christianity (Protestant): 2.5%
Christianity (Catholic): 2%
Christianity (Other): 1%
Irreligious: 5%
Other: 0.5%

Life Expectancy
Male: 84.3
Female: 86.9
Title: Re: The Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on March 28, 2021, 08:04:42 PM
Laws and Stances of Daitō

Abortion —Abortion is legal under the 1996 Women’s Health Act
Adultery —While legal, Adultery is deemed grounds for divorce.
Affirmative action —No laws regarding affirmative action exist, however Daitō, owing to a 1998 ruling of the Supreme Court, held that schools could not consider race a plus-factor when evaluating applicants holistically.
Age of consent —The nationwide age of consent is set at eighteen.
Age of majority —The age of majority is set at eighteen.
Artificial insemination —Artificial insemination is legal in the Empire of Daitō.
Assisted suicide —Assisted suicide is illegal in Daitō, with a sentences ranging from a minimum of ten years to a maximum of being given the death penalty if the individual is found to have assisted in more than one death. Any physician who is caught offering such services has their license to practice revoked without room for appeal.
Bestiality —Bestiality is illegal in Daitō, coming with a minimum fine of ¥8000.
Birth control —Birth control is legal in Daitō.
Concealed carry —Concealed carry is illegal in Daitō owing to its stringent gun control legislation.
Death penalty —The death penalty exists in Daitō, with the primary means of execution being hanging, shooting, or, in some rare cases, forced suicide via hara-kiri. The death penalty is applied for murder, treason, and crimes against the state. Judges typically impose the death penalty in cases of multiple homicides; the death sentence for a single murder is not particularly common.
Divorce —Divorce is permitted in Daitō, with four types of divorce being extant within the nation's jurisdiction. They are as follows:
   Divorce by Mutual Consent
   Divorce by Family Court Mediation
   Divorce by Family Court Judgement
   Divorce by District Court Judgement
Double jeopardy —Under the constitution of Daitō,
   ”No person shall be held criminally liable for an act which was lawful at the time it was committed, or of which he has been acquitted, nor shall he be placed in double jeopardy.”
However, multiple cases have adjusted the government’s stance on this, with the Supreme Court ruling in a 2016 case on larceny that in the event that there are two trials for separate cases of simple larceny, it will not be considered double jeopardy, even if the prosecutor could have charged both of them as a single crime of habitual larceny.
Drinking age —The minimum drinking age is set at the age of 18.
Driving age —The minimum legal driving age is divided into two categories, those being as follows:
   Motorcycles under 400 cc — 16
   Ordinary/Semi-medium vehicles and motorcycles over 401 cc — 18
Education —Daitō mandates compulsory education in its territories from the age of six until the age of eighteen. Education from home, commonly referred to as homeschooling, is illegal with no known exceptions.
Eminent domain —Eminent domain is constitutionally permitted as deemed necessary for the public interest and if compensation is provided.
Felony disenfranchisement —”Deprivation of Political Rights” is an accessory punishment defined in the Criminal Code of the Empire of Daitō which can be enforced solely or with a principal penalty (e.g. capital punishment or life sentence) to limit the convicted person’s right to be involved in political activities. For those sentenced to a principal penalty with deprivation of political rights, the deprivation is effective during the time they are incarcerated and the duration as sentenced from the day of their release or parole. It is only automatically imposed on those sentenced to life imprisonment or death. If the principal penalty is commuted, usually so will the deprivation of political rights. Political rights are not automatically deprived for prisoners, and those inmates who are not subject to this deprivation can and do still vote and can in theory be elected, although this has never occurred. With Daitō being a de-facto one party state, this penalty is not a significant one.

As defined in the criminal code, the nominal political rights include:
   • the right to vote and stand for election;
   • the rights of freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration;
   • the right to hold position in a state organization; and
   • the right to hold a leading position in any state-owned company, enterprise, institution, or organization.
Flag desecration —Under the Daitōjin criminal code, it is a criminal offense to insult either the national flag or national emblem of the country. This offense notably does not apply to foreign governments, although it does exist as a misdemeanor labeled as “obstructing state diplomacy”, which carries an ¥16000 fine. As for the flag and emblem of the Empire of Daitō, the offense is “disturbing the order”. Besides, insulting or damaging the portrait of the reigning Emperor would also be punishable as “disturbing the order”. The penalty  can be either incarceration for one year or less, or a fine of ¥24,000.
Gambling age —The minimum gambling age in Daitō is set at twenty years old. However, gambling is generally illegal in Daitō, with this minimum age being for betting on horse racing and certain motorsports. Public sports, lotteries, and football pools are held under special laws in order to increase the income of national and local governments as well as to offer a form of entertainment.
Firearm Possession —The 1876 Haitōrei edict prohibited people, with the exception of the pre-kazoku nobility, the military, and law enforcement from carrying weapons in public. Under modern weapons law, this has continued, with its opening passage stating “No one shall possess a firearm or firearms”, and very few exceptions are allowed. While sword-ownership is legal, in practice nobody carries them except in very limited circumstances owing to their price, and the sale of them is heavily restricted. Nonetheless, on the note of firearms, citizens are permitted to possess firearms for hunting and sport shooting, but only after submitting to a lengthy licensing procedure. As parrt of the procedure, a shooting-range test must be passed with a “mark of at least 95%”. A mental-health evaluation taking place at a hospital, and a thorough background check where one’s family and friends are interviewed, are also part of the procedure.

A gun license expires after three years, after which license tests must be repeated. After ten years of shotgun ownership, a license-holder may obtain a rifle. As of 2022, gun ownership is very rare: 0.6 guns per 100 people as of 2007. When mass killings occur, they are often perpetrated by assailants wielding knives or by other means. In 2014, there were just six firearm-related fatalities, none of which were determined to have been intentional, rather being by accident or not involving a second individual.

Each prefecture can operate a total of three gun shops. New cartridges can only be purchased after turning in expended cartridges; in turn, new magazines can only be purchased by trading in old ones. If a gun owner dies, their relatives are required by law to surrender their firearms. Off-duty police officers are not allowed to carry firearms, rarely do while on-duty apart from special squads, and arrests are generally made without firearms; instead, police are expected to be proficient in judo.
Homosexuality in the military —Daitō does not have any rules applying to homosexuals serving in the Imperial Daitōjin Armed Forces. When asked in 2001 about their policy toward gays and lesbians, it answered that it was deemed a non-issue, and individuals within the forces indicated that so long as same-sex relations did not lead to fights or other trouble, there were few, if any, barriers to inclusion within the armed services.
Human cloning —Legislation exists which aims to promote stem cell research, using cells that are “ethically obtained”, that could contribute to a better understanding of diseases and therapies, as well as promote “derivation of pluripotent stem cell lines without the creation of human embryos”. Reproductive human cloning, however, remains illegal within Daitō.
In vitro fertilization —In vitro fertilization is legal in Daitō.
Marriageable age —The minimum age when someone can marry is set at the age of majority, that being eighteen years old.
Military conscription —While military conscription does exist in Daitō de-jure, it has not been in practice since the 1990s.
Polygamy —Polygamy is illegal in Daitō, having been banned in 1937, although existing polygamous relationships were not dissolved.
Prostitution —Prostitution is illegal in Daitō, although loopholes, liberal interpretations, and a loose enforcement of the law have allowed the Daitōjin sex industry to prosper and earn an estimated ¥1.92 trillion per year.
Racial discrimination —Daitō does not have any laws prohibiting or promoting racial discrimination as a practice.
Same-sex marriage —While homosexuality was decriminalized in 1937, same-sex marriage remains illegal in Daitō.
Smoking age —The minimum smoking age is set at 18 years old.
State ideology —Although Daitō has not officially had a state ideology since 1996, the ruling party still clings to many of its old tenants of anti-communism, Daitōjin Nationalism, and militarism.
State religion —Daitō does not officially have a state religion by law, however, in practice, the Teidō faith is treated by many lawmakers in such a manner as less a religion and more of an ideology.
Torture —Torture is prohibited in Daitō, however, there are rumors of such actions taken by the country’s intelligence services.
Trial by jury —All citizens are granted the right to choose a trial by jury of their peers or a bench trial, however, such a practice can be waived under certain circumstances such as martial law or in certain heinous offences such as treason.
Universal healthcare —All citizens of Daitō are required by law to have health insurance coverage. People without insurance from employers can participate in a national health insurance programme, administered by local governments. Patients are free to select physicians or facilities of their choice and cannot be denied coverage. Hospitals, by law, must be run as non-profit and managed by physicians.
Voting age —The minimum voting age in Daitō is set eighteen years of age.
Women's rights —All citizens in Daitō are guaranteed the same rights under law without regard to gender.
Working age —The minimum working age in Daitō is divided by gender and has restrictions dependent on the age of the individual. These are as follows:
   Male
      15: Restricted occupations and hours of activity.
      18: Unrestricted.
   Female
      15: With broad restrictions for working hours and the type of work.
      18: May only participate in underground work if engaged in work specified by ordinance performed underground.
      20: Unrestricted.
Lèse-majestéLaw No.45 of the 1907 Penal Code:
Chapter 1 “Crimes against the Imperial Family”
   • Article 73.
      1. Any person who causes or attempts to cause harm to the Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince, or Grandson of the Emperor shall be punished by death.
   • Article 74.
      1. Any person who commits an act of disrespect against the Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince, or Grandson of the Emperor shall be punished with imprisonment for not less than three months and not more than five years, and a fine of not less than 6,400 mon and not more than 64,000 mon shall be imposed.
      2. The same shall apply to any person who commits an act of disrespect against the Imperial Shrine or the Imperial Mausoleum.
   • Article 75.
      1. Any person who causes harm to the Imperial Family shall be punished by death, and any person who attempts to do that shall be punished by life imprisonment.
   • Article 76.
      1. Any person who commits an act of disrespect against the Imperial Family shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than two months and not more than four years, and a fine of not less than 3,200 mon and not more than 32,000 mon shall be imposed.
Title: Re: The Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on March 28, 2021, 08:32:22 PM
Flags and Symbols of Daitō

   The following is a list of flags and symbols of Daitō, both historical and contemporary:
Contemporary National, Provincial, and Imperial Flags of Daitō
Image
Date
Use
Description
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137265653775073312/150px-Flag_of_Japan_281870E28093199929.png)
1870 - Present
Civil and state flag and ensign of Daitō
Flag ratio: 7:10. Disc is shifted 1% towards the hoist (left)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137266399912411146/image.png)
1869 - Present
Imperial standard of the emperor of Daitō
A gold 16 petal chrysanthemum centered on a red background
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137266914851307620/image.png)
2001 - Present
Imperial standard of the emperor emeritus
Similar to the standard of the emperor, but with a darker background
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137267131109625856/image.png)
1922 - Present
Imperial standard of the empress, the Empress dowager,
the grand empress dowager and the empress emerita
A pennant of the standard of the emperor
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137267359376220210/image.png)
1922 – present
Imperial standard of the regent of Daitō
Similar to the standard of the emperor, but with a white border
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137267767423287386/image.png)
1922 - Present
Imperial standard of the Crown Prince and the imperial
grandson who is an heir apparent
Similar to the standard of the emperor, but with a white orle
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137268092821569656/image.png)
1922 - Present
Imperial standard of the wife of the Crown Prince
and the wife of the imperial grandson
A pennant of the standard of the Crown Prince
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137268342504296508/image.png)
2001 - Present
Imperial standard of the crown prince
if not the son of the emperor
A gold 16-petaled chrysanthemum centered on
a white background with a red orle and border
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137268511299862528/image.png)
1922 - Present
Imperial standard of other members of
the Imperial House
Similar to the standard of the crown prince,
but without the red orle
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137269162067099658/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Kinai Province
Emblem of Kinai Province on a Blue Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137269434524905472/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Tōkai Province
Emblem of Tōkai Province on a Red Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137269541991370802/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Aomori Province
Emblem of Aomori Province on a White Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137269735436865616/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Tochigi Province
Emblem of Tochigi Province on a White Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137269886809280522/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Ōita Province
Emblem of Ōita Province on a Blue Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137270021786185738/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Yakumo Province
Emblem of Yakumo on a Red Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137270246823170108/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Nishiyama Province
Emblem of Nishiyama Province on a Dark Green Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137270359071137792/image.png)
1948 - Present
Emblem of Higashikawa Province on a Teal Field
Flag of Higashikawa Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137270571940462602/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Tottori Province
Emblem of Tottori Province on a Green Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137270735262466058/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Nishihata Province
Emblem of Nishihata Province on a Blue Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137270857320902708/image.png)
1948 - Present
Flag of Amami Province
Emblem of Amami Province on a White Field
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137271259705643118/image.png)
1989 - Present
Flag of Hokuriku Circuit
White fringed red seven-point star on a blue field.
Traditional Yezo pattern on the left.
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137271776754274387/image.png)
1954 - Present
Flag of Tsukishima Circuit
Striped flag with traditional symbol, colors derived
from the war flag of the Kingdom of Balhae
Contemporary Emblems of Daitō
Image
Date
Use
Description
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137276852617105428/image.png)
1183 - Present
Imperial Seal of Daitō
A gold 16 petal chrysanthemum
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137279929818566786/image.png)
1872 - Present
Grand Seal of the Empire of Daitō
(Rarely Used)
Supporters: Dragon and Hōō
Top: Sun disk
Escutcheon: Axe head overlaid with grains of rice
Underneath: A gold 16 petal chrysanthemum
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137281943579414618/image.png)
7th Century - Present
Privy Seal of Daitō
"Tennō/Gyoji" written in Seal Script
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137264985152696370/1137285394694680646/image.png)
1910 - Present
Government Seal of Daitō
Stylized Paulownia with 5-7-5 flowers on a blue oval with a gold outline
[/td][/tr][/table]
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Arashkai
Post by: Daitō on August 11, 2021, 08:25:38 PM
Provinces and Circuits of Daitō


   In the aftermath of the Great War, Daitō was effectively reorganized as a federal state with the goal of the strain of administering the country. This resulted in the creation of regional states, or more officially, Provinces and Circuits under the Dōshūsei (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aehZ_HiJjKWITxZxASSzDyoykOhpeOKIUkXxuiHdZ5c/edit?usp=sharing) system, which have greater autonomy than the prefectures. In total, there are eleven Provinces (州, Shū) and two Circuits (道, ), with the latter of the two being applied to the regions of Hokuriku and Tsukishima owing to their cultural differences from the country's core. Provided below is a list of the Provinces and Circuits in order of population, alongside their capitals:
Name
Population
Capital
Tōkai Province
46,818,561
Shinkyō
Kinai Province
38,606,619
Okayama
Ōita Province
33,534,077
Urasoe
Aomori Province
30,152,800
Tajimi
Tsukishima Circuit
26,948,841
Taikyū
Tochigi Province
26,706,178
Awara
Yakumo Province
22,533,258
Saito
Higashikawa Province
18,443,202
Seki
Nishiyama Province
17,188,759
Wakasa
Tottori Province
13,001,413
Kyotangō
Hokuriku Circuit
9,773,406
Ishikari
Amami Province
7,060,694
Isen
Nishihata Province
4,320,156
Yazu
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 21, 2021, 11:22:17 PM
Subdivisions of the Empire of Daitō

   The Empire of Daitō is formally divided into sixty-five prefectures proper (県, ken), two urban prefectures (府, fu: Otsu and Tenkyō), and one metropolis (都, to: Shinkyō). These prefectures, sixty-eight in total, are organized into provinces and circuits under the Dōshūsei system. The prefectures of Daitō are organized alongside numbers which correspond to their position on the maps provided.
Kinai Province
畿内州
1.)
Tenkyō
2.)
Kawachi
3.)
Sanshū
4.)
Izumi
5.)
Jōshū

Tōkai Province
東海州
6.)
Fukui
7.)
Otsu
8.)
Shinkyō
9.)
Kikai

Amami Province
奄美州
10.)
Toshima
11.)
Yakushima

Aomori Province
青森州
12.)
Ueno
13.)
Chibu
14.)
Aomori
15.)
Komatsu

Tochigi Province
栃木州
16.)
Ishinomaki
17.)
Nagano
18.)
Akita
19.)
Tochigi

Higashikawa Province
東川州
20.)
Urakawa
21.)
Kunashiri
22.)
Wakasa
23.)
Iwate

Ōita Province
大分州
24.)
Nankoku
25.)
Tsuruga
26.)
Mikura
27.)
Ōita

Tottori Province
鳥取州
28.)
Shintoku
29.)
Tottori
30.)
Ashoro
31.)
Kiyosato
32.)
Otobe

Nishiyama Province
西山州
33.)
Gujo
34.)
Itoigawa
35.)
Takayama
36.)
Hakuba
37.)
Tadami
38.)
Kaneyama
39.)
Tsuruoka
40.)
Murakami
41.)
Odate

Nishihata Province
西畑州
42.)
Nichinan
43.)
Nagato
44.)
Nakatane
45.)
Nasu
46.)
Aso

Hokuriku Circuit
西畑道
47.)
Komaki
48.)
Hidaka
49.)
Maniwa
50.)
Teshio
51.)
Taiki
52.)
Asago

Yakumo Province
八雲州
53.)
Ogata
54.)
Yakumo
55.)
Kihoku
56.)
Hirosaki
57.)
Muroran
58.)
Ichinohe

Tsukishima Circuit
月島道
59.)
Ishigaki
60.)
Ojika
61.)
Okawa
62.)
Nishihara
63.)
Takehara
64.)
Maizuru
65.)
Miyazu
66.)
Anamizu
67.)
Shiojiri
68.)
Matsukawa
69.)
Hachijo

Maps
Mainland Daitō
Spoiler: Map • show
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/937083746677563432/1147814886131388426/image.png?ex=65e438ea&is=65d1c3ea&hm=f399b864e83e3760d878f864f87dd05ec5929ccb93344a53673a126d8c3293cf&=&format=webp&quality=lossless&width=744&height=700)

Tsukishima
Spoiler: Map • show
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/937083746677563432/1147836156281638932/image.png?ex=65e44cb9&is=65d1d7b9&hm=252ba6159c2c0384ca0fdd3c718a1c324bc055a9c3015c5a3d0b50631c4dc6fa&)
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 25, 2021, 08:44:05 AM
Major Cities of the Empire of Daitō

Shinkyō — Shinkyō Metropolis — Tōkai Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131829870255689738/image.png?ex=65eaab35&is=65d83635&hm=09fc2f315a972746d622e869ab119f34c4ae437cebdad1dae58afab665c350da&)
Shiraizumi Crossing, a popular pedestrian scramble crossing in Shiraizumi Ward, Shinkyō
Population: 14,941,704

   By population the largest city in Daitō as well as one of the largest on the planet, Shinkyō has served as the capital of the Empire of Daitō since the Keiō Restoration. Though it suffered during the Great War, in which, as a result of a firebombing campaign undertaken by the Ardian Empire in 1945, vast swathes of the city were destroyed, it soon rebounded, eventually becoming, by the late 1960s, the financial hub of East Ardia, a position which it has only seen challenged in recent years due to the rise of Rokkenjima. Nevertheless, the city remains popular with tourists, as it is one of the two most common jumping-off points for new arrivals entering the country.

Otsu — Ashina Prefecture — Tōkai Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131829908222521384/image.png?ex=65eaab3e&is=65d8363e&hm=0f2f4f943fe21a16320f9d24e873498dceb7b1957d0fb9f93a4ea8bf3d31aad1&)
Otsu City Skyline
Population: 6,741,338

   Formerly known as Azumino, Otsu was once the first seat of Shogunal rule in Daitō. In the years following the Azumino Shogunate's fall, however, its position would decline, eventually becoming little more than a stop along the way from the Mutsu inland sea to Hagi, later Shinkyō, by way of the grand canal. Following the Keiō Restoration, it would be transformed into a port city, eventually growing to become one of the largest cities in Daitō. Due to its position relative to Shinkyō, their metropolitan areas actually overlap to an extent, much like Akashi does, effectively turning the region into a sort of megalopolis.

Okayama — Kawachi Prefecture — Kinai Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131830204977909840/image.png?ex=65eaab85&is=65d83685&hm=79f6d99d200b5c340f75a3c9a04064ee13d0707494a1b450fb43916b4bffbd1d&)
Kuhēbori, a famous nightlife and entertainment area in Okayama
Population: 5,401,792

   Okayama is the largest component of the "Okadeten" metropolitan region and the third most populous city in Daitō. It was traditionally Daitō's economic hub, serving for a time as the country's capital in the 8th century. Okayama continued to flourish in the Hagi period, becoming known as a center of Ōnishi. Following the Keiō Restoration, the city greatly expanded in size and underwent rapid industrialization, and by 1889, it had officially been established as a municipality. The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the ensuing decades, and by the 1900s, it had become the industrial hub of the Keiō period. Okayama made noted contributions to redevelopment, urban planning and zoning standards in the postwar period, and it would rapidly develop into one of the major financial centers of the Okadeten metropolitan area.

Awara — Akita Prefecture — Tochigi Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131831140639047772/image.png?ex=65eaac64&is=65d83764&hm=0a612054d98056e80e00b8ad53b6e10f8b76548d2a7294f64f5009cbf5631f15&)
Skyline of Awara
Population: 4,436,809

   In spite of being burned out during the Great War, Awara, once a major center of industry, has rebounded, growing to be the country's fourth most populous city and third most important financial hub.

Hatsukaichi — Izumi Prefecture — Kinai Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131832068901445734/image.png?ex=65eaad41&is=65d83841&hm=c2f8882db8135142ec39b485d2b07c519c1cb9cacae064a729d4a33b7dbda47d&)
Hatsukaichi Peace Memorial, Akiōta-Honmachi, Hatsukaichi
Population: 4,377,401

   The capital of Izumi Prefecture, Hatsukaichi was a center of military activities prior to the end of the Great War. On the 5th of August, 1945, the city was the victim of the first military target of a nuclear weapon in human history, and as a result, much of the city was destroyed. To this day, the Hatsukaichi Peace Memorial serves as a memorial of the bombing. The city was rebuilt after the war with the help of the national government, with it being provided with financial assistance and donations of land previously used by the Imperial Military, which had, after the war and the near-total destruction of facilities in the city, elected to move to other locations in the prefecture. Hatsukaichi was formally declared a "city of peace" by the Imperial Diet in 1949, and as a result, the city received further international attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues. The city's government, for the longest time, advocated for the abolition of nuclear weapons, eventually achieving its goals in the 2010s.

Saito — Kihoku Prefecture — Yakumo Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131832165290749992/image.png?ex=65eaad58&is=65d83858&hm=174df7ad67480f757e75bd07a76bb550b5b1f3b742539246b01eb4d32aafa507&)
Downtown Hatsukaichi
Population: 3,841,906

   Differing from many cities in Daitō owing to its history, Saito still retains many buildings from the period in which it was held by the Ardian Empire. This is despite the city being bombed during the Great War, as many wanted to see the buildings restored following it, considering it a part of their heritage despite being built by a foreign power. As a result, Saito has a blend of both traditional Daitōjin and Ardian buildings intermixed with more modern structures. Saito is, due to its location, one of the colder cities in the country, getting more snowfall on average than most places, although it is worth noting that, due to the unique climate patterns of the country, nearly all of the mainland regularly sees cold weather during the winter.

Tenkyō — Tenkyō Prefecture — Kinai Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131832593109762119/image.png?ex=65eaadbe&is=65d838be&hm=22142cb74071cbbcd71a1a08acfa0ad31612e721a705b6e02bb92fb3c74d95ac&)
A street in Tenkyō
Population: 2,105,993

   If Shinkyō is Daitō's capital and Okayama is its cultural heart, Tenkyō is the spiritual center of the country. Located near to the mouth of the Hōyo Channel, the city was, from 793 until 1868, the official capital of Daitō and the seat of the Imperial Court. For a time, the city was likely the most populous on the planet, holding that position between 1353 and 1465, however, due to the Enkyō war, its population was essentially hollowed out. It would recover of course, and by the end of the Hagi period, it had become a breeding ground for revolution, with many prominent figures of the period spending time there. After the Boshin war, it fell out of prominence for a time, but as it was spared from bombing during the Great War, it retained its unique character.

Soma — Tochigi Prefecture — Tochigi Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131833458759585802/image.png?ex=65eaae8d&is=65d8398d&hm=5ad983b003d7a0a6817b66c6907f9444dacdb6a5a3e204e1175aef00843ff5c3&)
View of Soma from Mt. Jōnen
Population: 2,093,771

   Soma is a major port city in eastern Daitō.

Takahagi — Aomori Prefecture — Aomori Province
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131834468164968488/image.png?ex=65eaaf7d&is=65d83a7d&hm=196b6aac035e0aa5e8e803e4b6ef59dd820ca6ec9233cf8cc5324b246cf07aa3&)
Skyline of Takahagi
Population: 1,412,444

   Takahagi is a major port city in eastern Daitō.

Taikyū — Hachijo Prefecture — Tsukishima Circuit
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1131825417414787112/1131834553493893180/image.png?ex=65eaaf92&is=65d83a92&hm=03ab6391d560f45305de81ccd792e9e3bc225ba8efb4c82ab4b9a407188bf064&)
Skyline of Taikyū
Population: 981,443

   Taikyū is the capital of both Hachijo Prefecture and Tsukishima Circuit, as well as the largest city on the island. Initially established as a trading post in 1863, the city would, following the War of 1894, become the most prominent Daitōjin settlement on the island, and after the annexation of the island, the de-facto and later de-jure capital of the island. It is now the most important port on the southern coast of Tsukishima, complementing Naku in the north as a naval base.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 26, 2021, 01:35:46 AM
Shinkyo, the Capital of Daitō
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG/1024px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG)
Panoramic View of Shinkyo
Population:
   Total: 14,941,704
   Density: 6,831/km²
   Special Wards: 10,619,913
   Density (Wards): 17,042/km²
   Urban: 39,993,701
   Metro: 41,973,401
Area:
   Special Wards: 623.17 km²
Demonym: Shinkyoite
Dialects: Shinkyo, Northern Kikai Islands
   Shinkyo (新京, Shinkyō), officially the Shinkyo Metropolis (新京都, Shinkyō-tō), is the capital and most populous city of Daitō. Shinkyo's metropolitan area, which includes neighboring prefectures in Tokai and Aomori, is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 41.974 million residents as of 2023. The prefecture itself has a population of 14.942 million, of which roughly 10.62 million reside in the 23 special wards (特別区, tokubetsu-ku) which make up the city proper. Located at the head of Shinkyo bay, the prefecture forms part of the Kantō region on the coast of the Rokkenjiman Sea. Shinkyo serves as Daitō's economic center and is both the seat of the Daitōjin Government and the Emperor of Daitō.

   Originally a fishing village named Hagi, the city emerged into political prominence at the end of the Sengoku period, when it became the seat of the Hachisuka Shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Hagi was one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over one million people. After the Keiō Restoration in 1868, the imperial capital in Tenkyo was moved to Hagi, which was renamed "Shinkyo" (lit. 'new capital'). Shinkyo was devastated by the Great Kantō Earthquake in 1925, and again by Ardian bombing raids during the Great War. Beginning in the 1950s, the prefecture underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion efforts, going on to lead the Fusanese Economic Miracle. Since 1942, the Shinkyo Metropolitan Government has administered the prefecture's special wards (formerly Shinkyo city), various commuter towns and suburbs in its northern and western areas, and outlying islands known as the Shinkyo Islands.
Special Wards of Shinkyo
Name
Kanji
Population
Area (/km²)
Sendō
先導区
93,391
11.84 km²
Komoda
小茂田区
240,582
10.43 km²
Inage
稲毛区
260,486
20.37 km²
Hakata
博多区
349,385
18.91 km²
Asakita
安佐北区
240,069
11.33 km²
Kita
北区
328,772
10.11 km²
Higashi
東区
272,085
13.98 km²
Chikusa
千種区
568,122
41.03 km²
Ikuno
生野区
422,488
22.81 km²
Naniwa
浪速区
332,516
14.83 km²
Midori
緑区
748,081
60.66 km²
Iwatsuki
岩槻区
1,027,441
58.05 km²
Taihaku
太白区
243,883
15.11 km²
Isogo
磯子区
431,781
15.61 km²
Seya
瀬谷区
591,108
34.91 km²
Tsuzuki
都筑区
301,599
13.08 km²
Nakano
中野区
355,213
20.62 km²
Sumida
墨田区
407,321
10.75 km²
Iwaki
岩城区
683,585
32.48 km²
Shinagawa
品川区
752,608
48.18 km²
Shiraizumi
白泉区
777,039
53.28 km²
Yodogawa
淀川区
453,093
34.82 km²
Isahaya
諫早区
739,265
49.98 km²
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 26, 2021, 01:41:44 AM
Provided below is the constitution of Daitō, as adopted in 1896 and with amendments added later. Note: the name "Daito" does not appear in the constitution, as the text was written before the name entered use in any notable capacity.
Constitution of the Empire of Fusan

Imperial Oath at the Sanctuary of the Imperial Palace
   We, the Successor to the prosperous Throne of Our Predecessors, do humbly and solemnly swear to the Imperial Founder of Our House and to Our other Imperial Ancestors that, in pursuance of a great policy co-extensive with the Heavens and with the Earth, We shall maintain and secure from decline the ancient form of government.
   In consideration of the progressive tendency of the course of human affairs and in parallel with the advance of civilization, We deem it expedient, in order to give clearness and distinctness to the instructions bequeathed by the Imperial Founder of Our House and by Our other Imperial Ancestors, to establish fundamental laws formulated into express provisions of law, so that, on the one hand, Our Imperial posterity may possess an express guide for the course they are to follow, and that, on the other, Our subjects shall thereby be enabled to enjoy a wider range of action in giving Us their support, and that the observance of Our laws shall continue to the remotest ages of time. We will thereby to give greater firmness to the stability of Our country and to promote the welfare of all the people within the boundaries of Our dominions; and We now establish the Imperial House Law and the Constitution. These Laws come to only an exposition of grand precepts for the conduct of the government, bequeathed by the Imperial Founder of Our House and by Our other Imperial Ancestors. That we have been so fortunate in Our reign, in keeping with the tendency of the times, as to accomplish this work, We owe to the glorious Spirits of the Imperial Founder of Our House and of Our other Imperial Ancestors.
   We now reverently make Our prayer to Them and to Our Illustrious Father, and implore the help of Their Sacred Spirits, and make to Them solemn oath never at this time nor in the future to fail to be an example to our subjects in the observance of the Laws hereby established.
   May the Heavenly Spirits witness this Our solemn Oath.

Imperial Speech on the Promulgation of the Constitution
   Whereas We make it the joy and glory of Our heart to behold the prosperity of Our country, and the welfare of Our subjects, We do hereby, in virtue of the supreme power We inherit from Our Imperial Ancestors, promulgate the present immutable fundamental law, for the sake of Our present subjects and their descendants.
   The Imperial Founder of Our House and Our other Imperial Ancestors, by the help and support of the forefathers of Our subjects, laid the foundation of Our Empire upon a basis, which is to last forever. That this brilliant achievement embellishes the annals of Our country, is due to the glorious virtues of Our Sacred Imperial Ancestors, and to the loyalty and bravery of Our subjects, their love of their country and their public spirit. Considering that Our subjects are the descendants of the loyal and good subjects of Our Imperial Ancestors, We doubt not but that Our subjects will be guided by Our views, and will sympathise with all Our endeavours, and that, harmoniously cooperating together, they will share with Us Our hope of making manifest the glory of Our country, both at home and abroad, and of securing forever the stability of the work bequeathed to Us by Our Imperial Ancestors.[/font

Preamble
   Having, by virtue of the glories of Our Ancestors, ascended the throne of a lineal succession unbroken for ages eternal; desiring to promote the welfare of, and to give development to the moral and intellectual faculties of Our beloved subjects, the very same that have been favoured with the benevolent care and affectionate vigilance of Our Ancestors; and hoping to maintain the prosperity of the State, in concert with Our people and with their support, We hereby promulgate, in pursuance of Our Imperial Rescript of the 12th day of the 10th month of the 16th year of Keiyo, a fundamental law of the State, to exhibit the principles, by which We are guided in Our conduct, and to point out to what Our descendants and Our subjects and their descendants are forever to conform.
   The right of sovereignty of the State, We have inherited from Our Ancestors, and We shall bequeath them to Our descendants. Neither We nor they shall in future fail to wield them, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution hereby granted.
   We now declare to respect and protect the security of the rights and of the property of Our people, and to secure to them the complete enjoyment of the same, within the extent of the provisions of the present Constitution and of the law.
   The Imperial Diet shall first be convoked for the 28th year of Keiyo, and the time of its opening shall be the date, when the present Constitution comes into force.
   When in the future it may become necessary to amend any of the provisions of the present Constitution, We or Our successors shall assume the initiative right, and submit a project for the same to the Imperial Diet. The Imperial Diet shall pass its vote upon it, according to the conditions imposed by the present Constitution, and in no otherwise shall Our descendants or Our subjects be permitted to attempt any alteration thereof.
   Our Ministers of State, on Our behalf, shall be held responsible for the carrying out of the present Constitution, and Our present and future subjects shall forever assume the duty of allegiance to the present Constitution.

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gyoji.svg/240px-Gyoji.svg.png)

Constitution of the Empire of Fusan
Chapter I. The Emperor.
Article 1. The Empire of Fusan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.
Article 2. The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by Imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
Article 3. The Emperor is Sacred and Inviolable.
Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them, according to the provisions of the present Constitution.
Article 5. The Emperor exercises the legislative power with the consent of the Imperial Diet.
Article 6. The Emperor gives sanction to laws, and orders them to be promulgated and executed.
Article 7. The Emperor convokes the Imperial Diet, opens, closes and prorogues it, and dissolves the House of Representatives.
Article 8. The Emperor, in consequence of an urgent necessity to maintain public safety or to avert public calamities, issues, when the Imperial Diet is not sitting, Imperial Ordinances in the place of law.
(2) Such Imperial Ordinances are to be laid before the Imperial Diet at its next session, and when the Diet does not approve the said Ordinances, the Government shall declare them to be invalid for the future.
Article 9. The Emperor issues or causes to be issued, the Ordinances necessary for the carrying out of the laws, or for the maintenance of the public peace and order, and for the promotion of the welfare of the subjects. But no Ordinance shall in any way alter any of the existing laws.
Article 10. The Emperor determines the organisation of the different branches of the administration, and salaries of all civil and military officers, and appoints and dismisses the same. Exceptions especially provided for in the present Constitution or in other laws, shall be in accordance with the respective provisions (bearing thereon).
Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army, Navy, and all other branches of the Armed Forces.
Article 12. The Emperor determines the organisation and peace standing of the Armed Forces.
Article 13. The Emperor declares war, makes peace, and concludes treaties.
Article 14. The Emperor proclaims the law of siege.
(2) The conditions and effects of the law of siege shall be determined by law.
Article 15. The Emperor confers titles of nobility, rank, orders and other marks of honour.
Article 16. The Emperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation of punishments and rehabilitation.
Article 17. A Regency shall be instituted in conformity with the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
(2) The Regent shall exercise the powers appertaining to the Emperor in His name.


Chapter II. Rights and Duties of Subjects.
Article 18. The conditions necessary for being a Fusanese subject shall be determined by law.
Article 19. Fusanese subjects may, according to qualifications determined in laws or ordinances, be appointed to civil or military offices equally, and many fill any other public offices.
Article 20. Fusanese subjects are amenable to service in the Armed Forces, according to the provisions of law.
Article 21. Fusanese subjects are amenable to the duty of paying taxes, according to the provisions of law.
Article 22. Fusanese subjects shall have the liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits of the law.
Article 23. No Fusanese subject shall be arrested, detained, tried or punished, unless according to law.
Article 24. No Fusanese subject shall be deprived of his right of being tried by the judges determined by law.
Article 25. Except in the cases provided for in the law, the house of no Fusanese subject shall be entered or searched without his consent.
Article 26. Except in the cases mentioned in the law, the secrecy of the letters of every Fusanese subject shall remain inviolate.
Article 27. The right of property of every Fusanese subject shall remain inviolate.
(2) Measures necessary to be taken for the public benefit shall be any provided for by law.
Article 28. Fusanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief.
Article 29. Fusanese subjects shall, within the limits of law, enjoy the liberty of speech, writing, publication, public meetings and associations.
Article 30. Fusanese subjects may present petitions, by observing the proper forms of respect, and by complying with the rules specially provided for the same.
Article 31. The provisions contained in the present Chapter shall not affect the exercise of the powers appertaining to the Emperor, in times of war or in cases of a national emergency.
Article 32. Each and every one of the provisions contained in the preceding Articles of the present Chapter, that are not in conflict with the laws or the rules and discipline of the Armed Services, shall apply to the officers and men of the Armed Services.


Chapter III. The Imperial Diet.
Article 33. The Imperial Diet shall consist of two Houses, a House of Peers and a House of Representatives.
Article 34. The House of Peers shall, in accordance with the Ordinance concerning the House of Peers, be composed of the members of the Imperial Family, of the orders of nobility, and of those persons, who have been nominated thereto by the Emperor.
Article 35. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members elected by the people, according to the provisions of the Law of Election.
Article 36. No one can at one and the same time be a Member of both Houses.
Article 37. Every law requires the consent of the Imperial Diet.
Article 38. Both Houses shall vote upon projects of law submitted to it by the Government, and may respectively initiate projects of law.
Article 39. A Bill, which has been rejected by either the one or the other of the two Houses, shall not be again brought in during the same session.
Article 40. Both Houses can make representations to the Government, as to laws or upon any other subject. When, however, such representations are not accepted, they cannot be made a second time during the same session.
Article 41. The Imperial Diet shall be convoked every year.
Article 42. A session of the Imperial Diet shall last for  three months. In case of necessity, the duration of a session may be prolonged by the Imperial Order.
Article 43. When urgent necessity arises, an extraordinary session may be convoked, in addition to the ordinary one.
(2) The duration of an extraordinary session shall be determined by Imperial Order.
Article 44. The opening, closing, prolongation of session and prorogation of the Imperial Diet, shall be effected simultaneously for both Houses.
(2) In case the House of Representatives has been ordered to dissolve, the House of Peers shall at the same time be prorogued.
Article 45. When the House of Representatives has been ordered to dissolve, Members shall be caused by Imperial Order to be newly elected, and the new House shall be convoked within five months from the day of dissolution.
Article 46. No debate can be opened and no vote can be taken in either House of the Imperial Diet, unless not less than one third of the whole number of the Members thereof is present.
Article 47. Votes shall be taken in both Houses by absolute majority. In the case of a tie vote, the President shall have the casting vote.
Article 48. The deliberations of both Houses shall be held in public. The deliberations may, however, upon demand of the Government or by resolution of the House, be held in secret sitting.
Article 49. Both Houses of the Imperial Diet may respectively present addresses to the Emperor.
Article 50. Both Houses may receive petitions presented by subjects.
Article 51. Both Houses may enact, besides what is provided for in the present Constitution and in the Law of the Houses, rules necessary for the management of their internal affairs.
Article 52. No Member of either House shall be held responsible outside the respective Houses, for any opinion uttered or for any vote given in the House. When, however, a Member himself has given publicity to his opinions by public speech, by documents in print or in writing, or by any other similar means, he shall, in the matter, be amenable to the general law.
Article 53. The Members of both Houses shall, during the session, be free from arrest, unless with the consent of the House, except in cases of flagrant delicts, or of offences connected with a state of internal commotion or with a foreign trouble.
Article 54. The Ministers of State and the Delegates of the Government may, at any time, take seats and speak in either House.


Chapter IV. The Ministers of State and the Privy Council.
Article 55. The respective Ministers of State shall give their advice to the Emperor, and be responsible for it.
(2) All Laws, Imperial Ordinances, and Imperial Rescripts of whatever kind, that relate to the affairs of the State, require the countersignature of a Minister of State.
Article 56. The Privy Councillors shall, in accordance with the provisions for the organisation of the Privy Council, deliberate upon important matters of State, when they have been consulted by the Emperor.


Chapter V. The Judicature.
Article 57. The Judicature shall be exercised by the Courts of Law according to law, in the name of the Emperor.
(2) The organisation of the Courts of Law shall be determined by law.
Article 58. The judges shall be appointed from among those, who possess proper qualifications according to law.
(2) No judge shall be deprived of his position, unless by way of criminal sentence or disciplinary punishment.
(3) Rules for disciplinary punishment shall be determined by law.
Article 59. Trials and judgments of a Court shall be conducted publicly. When, however, there exists any fear that, such publicity may be prejudicial to peace and order, or to the maintenance of public morality, the public trial may be suspended by provisions of law or by the decision of the Court of Law.
Article 60. All matters, that fall within the competency of a special Court, shall be specially provided for by law.
Article 61. No suit at law, which relates to rights alleged to have been infringed by the illegal measures of the executive authorities, and which shall come within the competency of the Court of Administrative Litigation specially established by law, shall be taken cognizance of by a Court of Law.


Chapter VI. Finance.
Article 62. The imposition of a new tax or the modification of the rates (of an existing one) shall be determined by law.
(2) However, all such administrative fees or other revenue having the nature of compensation shall not fall within the category of the above clause.
(3) The raising of national loans and the contracting of other liabilities to the charge of the National Treasury, except those that are provided in the Budget, shall require the consent of the Imperial Diet.
Article 63. The taxes levied at present shall, in so far as are not remodelled by new law, be collected according to the old system.
Article 64. The expenditure and revenue of the State require the consent of the Imperial Diet by means of an annual Budget.
(2) Any and all expenditures overpassing the appropriations set forth in the Titles and Paragraphs of the Budget, or that are not provided for in the Budget, shall subsequently require the approbation of the Imperial Diet.
Article 65. The Budget shall be first laid before the House of Representatives.
Article 66. The expenditures of the Imperial House shall be defrayed every year out of the National Treasury, according to the present fixed amount for the same, and shall not require the consent thereto of the Imperial Diet, except in case an increase thereof is found necessary.
Article 67. Those already fixed expenditures based by the Constitution upon the powers appertaining to the Emperor, and such expenditures as may have arisen by the effect of law, or that appertain to the legal obligations of the Government, shall be neither rejected nor reduced by the Imperial Diet, without the concurrence of the Government.
Article 68. In order to meet special requirements, the Government may ask the consent of the Imperial Diet to a certain amount as a Continuing Expenditure Fund, for a previously fixed number of years.
Article 69. In order to supply deficiencies, which are unavoidable, in the Budget, and to meet requirements unprovided for in the same, a Reserve Fund shall be provided in the Budget.
Article 70. When the Imperial Diet cannot be convoked, owing to the external or internal condition of the country, in case of urgent need for the maintenance of public safety, the Government may take all necessary financial measures, by means of an Imperial Ordinance.
(2) In the case mentioned in the preceding clause, the matter shall be submitted to the Imperial Diet at its next session, and its approbation shall be obtained thereto.
Article 71. When the Imperial Diet has not voted on the Budget, or when the Budget has not been brought into actual existence, the Government shall carry out the Budget of the preceding year.
Article 72. The final account of the expenditures and revenues of the State shall be verified and confirmed by the Board of Audit, and it shall be submitted by the Government to the Imperial Diet, together with the report of verification of the said Board.
(2) The organisation and competency of the Board of Audit shall be determined by law separately.


Chapter VII. Supplemental Rules.
Article 73. When it has become necessary in future to amend the provisions of the present Constitution, a project to that effect shall be submitted to the Imperial Diet by Imperial Order.
(2) In the above case, neither House can open the debate, unless not less than two thirds of the whole number of Members are present, and no amendment can be passed, unless a majority of not less than two thirds of the Members present is obtained.
Article 74. No modification of the Imperial House Law shall be required to be submitted to the deliberation of the Imperial Diet.
(2) No provision of the present Constitution can be modified by the Imperial House Law.
Article 75. No modification can be introduced into the Constitution, or into the Imperial House Law, during the time of a Regency.
Article 76. Existing legal enactments, such as laws, regulations, Ordinances, or by whatever names they may be called, shall, so far as they do not conflict with the present Constitution, continue in force.
(2) All existing contracts or orders, that entail obligations upon the Government, and that are connected with expenditure, shall come within the scope of Article 67.

Constitutional Amendments
Amendment I. Equal Rights.
Article 1. All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin.
Article 2. Every person shall have the right to choose his residence and to choose his occupation to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare.
(2) Freedom of all persons to move to a foreign country and to divest themselves of their nationality shall, except in cases of war or national emergency, remain inviolate.
Article 3. Academic freedom is guaranteed.
Article 4. Marriage shall be based on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis.
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.
Article 5. All people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living.
(2) In all spheres of life, the State shall use its endeavours for the promotion and extension of social welfare and security, and of public health.
Article 6. All people shall have the right to receive an equal education correspondent to their ability, as provided by law.
(2) All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free.
Article 7. All people shall have the right and the obligation to work. Standards for wages, hours, rest and other working conditions shall be fixed by law. Children shall not be exploited.

Also attached is, for those few who would want it, a version (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1etS_joR2PrJrNBiYJk2t__dmXtErxTGUJbt-UZyshJ8/edit?usp=sharing) of the constitution in Japanese (I guess for aesthetics?)
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 26, 2021, 01:42:15 AM
Government of Daitō, Part One: The Emperor

(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1173498292013912144/1195505985507295384/image.png?ex=65e26136&is=65cfec36&hm=492675eeae8a2eafd03153cde36d5bbf4ac778ec0ecb00bd847ef6bcb2a3a4d2&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Eijirō, the Emperor of Daitō
   The Emperor of Daitō is the head of state and sovereign of the Empire of Daitō, as well as the head of the Imperial House. Under the Constitution of Daitō, he is defined as the "head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them, according to the provisions of the present constitution", while his authority is derived from the constitution, which states that Daitō shall "be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal." The Imperial Household Law generally governs the line of imperial succession. The Emperor is immune from prosecution by the Supreme Court of Daitō. He is also the head of the Teidō religion. In Ōnishi, the Emperor is referred to as Tennō (天皇), which translates literally as "Emperor of Heaven" or "Heavenly Sovereign". The Teidō religion holds the Emperor to be the direct descendant of the sun goddess, Amaterasu. The Emperor is also the head of all national Daitōjin orrders, decorations, medals, and awards. In English, the use of the term Mikado (帝/御門) for the emperor was once common but is now considered obsolete.

   The Imperial House of Daitō, alternatively known as the Imperial House of Fusan or by their name, the Yamato Dynasty, is amongst the oldest in the world, with its historical origins in the late Kofun period, which lasted from roughly 600 to 188 BC. According to the mythological accounts of the Kojiki, Daitō was founded by Emperor Shin'ō in 660 BC. The role of the Emperor of Daitō has has historically alternated between a largely ceremonial symbolic role and that of an actual imperial ruler. Since the establishment of the first shogunate in 1192, the emperors of Daitō have rarely taken on a role as supreme battlefield commander, unlike many other monarchs. Daitōjin emperors have nearly always been controlled by external political forces, to varying degrees. For example, between 1192 and 1867, the shōguns were the de facto rulers of Daitō, although they were nominally appointed by the emperor.  Since the Keiō Restoration, the Emperors of Daitō have been the embodiment of all sovereign power in the realm, as enshrined by the constitution, although through long-standing precedent, they act largely as ceremonial heads of state, albeit ones with notable political power unto themselves.
Role of the Emperor
Constitutional and Political Roles
   As is seen in many constitutional monarchies, the Emperor is the chief executive of the nation. Executive power is vested in the position of the Emperor, however, he is bound by convention to act upon the advice of the cabinet and to exercise his powers through the various ministers and ministries. He is also the de jure Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Though there is nothing on the books prohibiting it, the Emperor is, by convention, typically barred from making political statements, owing to his position as a unifying figure within the country. The Emperor's roles are as follows:
      • Appointment of the Prime Minister as recommended by the Diet.*
      • Appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as recommended by the Cabinet.*
      • Promulgation of amendments of the constitution, laws, cabinet orders, and treaties.
      • Issuance of Imperial Ordinances and Rescripts.
      • Convocation of the Diet.
      • Dissolution of the House of Representatives.
      • Proclamation of general election of members of the Diet.
      • Command of the Armed Forces.
      • Attestation of the appointment and dismissal of Ministers of State and other officials as provided for by law, and of full powers and credentials of Ambassadors and Ministers.
      • Attestation of pardon, general and special amnesty, commutation of punishment, reprieve, and restoration of rights.
      • Awarding of honors.
      • Attestation of instruments of ratification and other diplomatic documents as provided for by law.
      • Declarations of War and Peace.
      • Conferral of titles of nobility, rank, order, and other marks of honor.
      • Performance of ceremonial functions.
(*Under extreme circumstances, the Emperor can appoint these positions without the recommendation of the Cabinet)
Cultural Role
   The Emperor is regarded as the foremost Teidō priest in terms of religion. This sacred duty dates back to the Niiname-sai (新嘗祭, "tasting of new rice") imperial harvest festival. In this ritual, the emperor presents newly gathered rice to the gods. The celebration is known as Daijōsai (大嘗祭, "Great Tasting") and takes place in the first year after the emperor's accession to the throne. The historical text, Fusō Shoki, dates to the late Kofun period and mentions this ceremony. The event evolved through time to become "Harvest Day", a recognized official holiday today. The office of the emperor is also cultural bearer and steward of tradition and culture. For example the Utakai Hajime is the annual poetry reading competition convened by the emperor. The emperor is supported in this function by the empress and other members of the imperial family, who have honorary patronages of many associations and organisations. They travel extensively throughout the year within the country to uphold these roles. In sports, the Emperor's Cup (天皇賜杯, Tennō shihai) is given to a number of competitions such as football, judo, volleyball, and the top division yūshō winner of a sumo tournament.
Names
   The Ōnishi language has two words equivalent to the English word "emperor": tennō 天皇, "heavenly sovereign"), which refers exclusively to the emperor of Daitō, and kōtei (皇帝), which primarily identifies non-Daitōjin emperors. Sumeramikoto ("the imperial person") was also used in Old Ōnishi. Emperors used the term tennō up until the early Medieval period, then, following a period of disuse, again from the 19th century onwards. The weakened power of the emperors led to the title tennō not being used from 1200 to 1840; during this time, living emperors were called shujō (主上) and deceased ones were called in (院). Other titles that were recorded to be in use were (皇), tei (帝), ō (王), all meaning "prince" or "emperor", and tenshi (天子), or "child of heaven". In English, the term mikado (御門 or 帝), literally meaning "the honorable gate" (i.e. the gate of the imperial palace, which indicates the person who lives in and possesses the palace) was once used, but it has fallen out of use.

   Daitōjin emperors take on a regnal name, which is the common and polite way to refer to the emperor as a person during their reign. Daitōjin regnal names are more precisely names for a period of time that begins with a historical event, such as the enthronement of an emperor. Since Emperor Keiō, it has been customary to have one era per emperor and to rename each emperor after his death using the name of the era over which he presided. Before Emperor Keiō, the names of the eras were changed more frequently, and the posthumous names of the emperors were chosen differently. The current emperor on the throne is typically referred to as Tennō Heika (天皇陛下, "His [Imperial] Majesty the Emperor"), Kinjō Heika (今上陛下, "His Current Majesty") or simply Tennō, when speaking Ōnishi. An abdicated Emperor is given the title Daijō Tennō (太上天皇, Emperor Emeritus), which is often shortened to Jōkō (上皇). They are renamed to their regnal name upon their death.
Origins of the Title
   Originally, the ruler of Daitō was known as either 大和大王/大君 (Yamato-ōkimi, "Grand King of Yamato"), 倭王/倭国王 (Wa-ō/Wakoku-ō, "King of Wa", used externally) or 治天下大王 (Ame-no-shita shiroshimesu ōkimi or Sumera no mikoto, "Grand King who rules all under heaven", used internally) in Ōnishi and Lijiangian sources prior to the 7th century. The oldest diplomatic reference to the title 天子 (Tenshi, Emperor or Son of Heaven) can be found in a diplomatic document sent between the rulers of Daitō and Lijiang. The oldest documented use of the title 天皇 (Tennō, heavenly emperor) appears on a wooden slat, or mokkan, that dated to the mid-7th century.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 30, 2021, 03:36:00 AM
Government of Daitō, Part Two: Elections in Daitō

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Election_in_Japan2014_%282%29.JPG/640px-Election_in_Japan2014_%282%29.JPG)
Polling station in Shinkyō during the 2016 General Elections

   The Daitōjin political process is made up of two types of elections:
      • National elections (国政選挙, kokusei senkyo)
      • Subnational/local elections (地方選挙, chihō senkyo)

   While the national level features a parliamentary system of government where the head of government is elected indirectly by the legislature, provinces, prefectures, and municipalities employ a presidential system where chief executives and legislative assemblies are directly elected, independently from each other. Many of these elections are held together in unified local elections (統一地方選挙, Tōitsu chihō senkyo) which have, since 1952, been held in years before leap years; but since each election cycle of every chief executive or assembly of any prefecture or municipality is independent and not reset after resignations, deaths, recalls, no-confidence votes, dissolutions, or municipal mergers, there are also many non-unified local elections today. While prefectural and municipal assemblies are unicameral, both the provincial assemblies and the Imperial Diet are bicameral, with the two houses on independent election cycles.

Rules and Regulations
   Both national & local elections are regulated by the Public Offices Election Law (公職選挙法, kōshoku-senkyo-hō), which was passed in 1950 ahead of the 1952 general election. Elections are supervised by Election Administration Commissions at each administrative level under the general direction of the Central Election Management Council, an extraordinary organ attached to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). The minimum voting age in Daitō was reduced from 20 years old to 18 in 1978. Under the current system, voters must satisfy a three-month residency requirement before being allowed to cast a ballot. For those seeking offices, there are two sets of age requirements: twenty-five years of age for admission to the House of Representatives and most local offices, and thirty years of age for admission to the House of Peers and governorships. Each deposit for candidacy for national election is 文29,000 (roughly $27,000) for a single-seat constituency and 文58,000 (approximately $54,000) for proportional representation.

National Elections
   National elections in Daitō include:
      • General elections of members of the House of Representatives (衆議院議員総選挙, Shūgi-in giin sō-senkyo), held every four years unless the lower house is dissolved earlier to elect all members of the House of Representatives at once.
      • Regular/Ordinary elections of members of the House of Peers (貴族院通常選挙, Kizoku-in giin tsūjō-senkyo), held every three years in staggered elections to six-year terms with half of the membership up in each class.
      • By-elections of members of the House of Representatives/House of Peers (衆議院/貴族院議員補欠選挙, Shūgiin/Kizokuin giin hoketsu-senkyo) to fill vacant majoritarian seats
      • Repeat elections of members of the House of Representatives/House of Peers (衆議院/貴族院議員再選挙, Shūgiin/Kizokuin giin sai-senkyo) after an election has been invalidated, e.g. by a winner missing the legal vote quorum or after election law violations

   Daitō's legislature, the Imperial Diet (帝国議会, Teikoku-gikai), has two directly elected chambers, elected on independent electoral cycles:
House of Representatives
   The House of Representatives (衆議院, Shūgi-in) has 465 members, elected for a four year term, 289 members in single-seat constituencies and 176 members by proportional representation in 13 regional "block" constituencies. General elections of members of the House of Representatives are usually held before the end of a four-year term as the chamber may be dissolved by the cabinet via the Emperor. Most prime ministers use that option. The only exception in post-war history was the so-called "Kalasin Election" of 1982, which saw the DPD lose power as a result of the fallout from an incident between Daitō and the People's Republic of Kalasin that nearly led to a resumed war. The single-seat constituencies are decided by plurality, and the proportional seats are handed out in each "block" constituency to party lists proportionally (by the D'Hondt method) to their share of the vote. Each voter votes twice, once for a candidate in the local constituency, and once for a party in the regional "block" constituency. In a parallel system, there is no link between votes in one tier and seat numbers in the other; but so-called dual candidacies (重複立候補, chōfuku rikkōho) of one candidate in both tiers simultaneously are allowed. If such dual candidates lose in the majoritarian tier, they still have a chance to be elected in the proportional block. Parties may also place dual district and block candidates on the same list rank; in that case, the Sekihairitsu (惜敗率, ratio of margin of defeat) system determines the order of candidates.

House of Peers
   While there was originally no constitutional proscription for the House of Peers (貴族院, Kizoku-in) to be elected—indeed, until the early 1950s, it was almost entirely appointed—since the Public Offices Election Law of 1950 and subsequently the 1951 Electoral Reform Amendment, elections have been held for the vast majority of seats. Nonetheless, before proceeding, the structure of the House of Peers between 1925 and 1950 is worth examining. The House of Peers formerly comprised:
       • The crown prince (Kōtaishi) and the imperial grandson and heir presumptive (Kōtaison) from the age of 18, with the term of office for life.
      • All imperial princes (shinnō) and lesser princes of the imperial blood (ō) over the age of 20, with the term of office for life.
      • All princes and marquises over the age of 25 (raised to 30 in 1925), with the term of office for life.
      • 18 counts, 66 viscounts and 66 barons over the age of 25 (raised to 30 in 1925), for seven-year terms.
      • 125 distinguished politicians and scientists over the age of 30 nominated by the Emperor in consultation with the Privy Council, with the term of office for life.
      • 4 members of the Imperial Academy over the age of 30, elected by the academicians and nominated by the Emperor, for seven-year terms.
      • 66 elected representatives of the 6000 highest taxpayers, over the age of 30 and for seven-year terms.

   The House of Peers has 248 members in total, of which 240 are elected for a fixed six-year term, 148 members by single non-transferable vote (SNTV) in 45 single- and multi-seat constituencies and 92 by proportional representation with optionally open lists in a single, nationwide constituency. The eight remaining seats are allocated to the crown prince and imperial grandson, as well as the imperial princes, whose terms are for life. When those positions are not filled, they are elected under the same proportional system, and if a prince becomes eligible during a term, the seat is not put up for election in the next cycle.

   Regular elections of members of the House of Peers are held once every three years. In staggered elections, half of the House of Peers comes up for election every three years in elections. The term is fixed, the House of Peers cannot be dissolved. This, too, is a parallel electoral system. Dual candidacies are not allowed. As in House of Representatives elections, voters have two votes: In the majoritarian election, the vote has to be for a candidate, but in the proportional election, the vote may be for either a party list or a single candidate; in the latter case, the vote counts as both a vote for the party list (to determine proportional seat distribution), and as a preference vote within that list (to determine the order or proportional candidates within that list). The district magnitudes in the majoritarian tier vary between one and six, dependent on, but not fully proportional to the population of each prefecture. In single-member constituencies, SNTV becomes equivalent to first-past-the-post, whereas seats are usually split between different parties/alliances in multi-member constituencies (and in the proportional constituency by definition). Therefore, the single-member constituencies of the House of Peers are more likely to swing the election result and often receive more media and campaign attention. The proportional election to the House of Peers allows the voters to cast a preference vote for a single candidate on a party list. The preference votes strictly determined the ranking of candidates on party lists before 2018. Since the 2018 election, parties are allowed to prioritize individual candidates on their proportional list over voter preferences in a "special frame" (特定枠, tokutei-waku).

Election of the Prime Minister
   Prior to the Greater East Ardian War, the prime minister was not elected by legislature, but responsible to, chosen and appointed by the Emperor. In practice, however, the Genrō (元老) usually nominated a candidate for appointment. The Imperial Diet, and more specifically, the House of Representatives, had no constitutionally guaranteed role in the formation of cabinets.

   Under the terms of the 1951 Electoral Reform Amendment, however, the the Prime Minister has been chosen in the "designation election of the prime minister" (内閣総理大臣指名選挙, Naikaku sōridaijin shimei senkyo) in the Imperial Diet. It is held held after a cabinet has submitted its resignation—the outgoing cabinet remains as caretaker cabinet until the Imperial inauguration ceremony of a new prime minister—; a cabinet must resign en masse under the constitution (Electoral Reform Amendment, Articles 6 and 7) 1. always on convocation of the first Diet after a general election of the House of Representatives, 2. if the post of prime minister has fallen vacant, including cases where the prime minister is permanently incapacitated (e.g. by illness, kidnapping or defection), 3. if a no-confidence vote in the House of Representatives is not answered by the dissolution of the chamber. Though both Houses of the Diet vote in two-round elections to select a prime minister, the House of Representatives has the decisive vote: If the two Houses vote for different candidates, a procedure in the joint committee of both houses (両院協議会, Ryōin Kyōgikai) may reach a consensus; but eventually the candidate of the House of Representatives becomes that of the whole Diet and thereby prime minister-designate. The designated prime minister must still be appointed by the Emperor in the Imperial Investiture (親任式, Shinnin-shiki) to enter office. The Emperor has the discretionary power to appoint an individual other than the person appointed by the Diet, however, except in cases of emergency, this has rarely occurred.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on September 15, 2021, 12:02:26 PM
Government of Daitō, Part Three: The Imperial Diet

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Chamber_of_the_House_of_Councillors_P5200850.jpg/640px-Chamber_of_the_House_of_Councillors_P5200850.jpg)
The floor and the gallery of the chamber of the House of Peers

   The Imperial Diet (帝国議会, Teikoku-gikai) is the national legislature of Daitō. It is composed of a lower house, called the House of Representatives (衆議院, Shūgiin), and an upper house, the House of Peers (貴族院, Kizoku-in). Both houses, with the exceptions of a few seats in the House of Peers, are directly elected under a parallel voting system. In addition to passing laws, the Diet is formally responsible for nominating the Prime Minister. The Diet was officially established in 1890 following the promulgation of the constitution, however, it took its current form in the 1950s as a result of the 1950 Public Offices Election Law and the 1951 Electoral Reform Amendment. Both houses meet in the Imperial Diet Building (帝国議会議事堂, Teikoku-gikai gijidō) in Shinkyō.

Composition
   The Houses of the Imperial Diet are elected under parallel voting systems. This means that the seats to be filled in any given election are divided into two groups, each elected by a different method; the main difference between the houses is in the sizes of the two groups and how they are elected. Voters are also asked to cast two votes: one for an individual candidate in a constituency, and one for a party list. Any national of Daitō at least eighteen years of age may vote in these elections, reduced from 20 in 1978. Daitō's parallel voting system is not to be confused with the Additional Member System used in many other nations. The Constitution of Daitō does not specify the number of members of each house of the Diet, the voting system, or the necessary qualifications of those who may vote or be returned in parliamentary elections, thus allowing all of these things to be determined by law. However, through a number of amendments, it does guarantee universal adult suffrage and a secret ballot. It also insists that the electoral law must not discriminate in terms of "race, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income".

   Generally, the election of Diet members is controlled by statutes passed by the Diet. This has led to controversy surrounding the re-apportionment of prefectures' seats in response to changes of population distribution. For example, the YFD has historically gained much support from rural areas, however, large numbers of people relocated to the urban centers in search of opportunity; though some re-apportionments have been made to the number of each prefecture's assigned seats in the Diet, rural areas generally have more representation than urban areas. The Supreme Court of Daitō began exercising judicial review of apportionment laws following the Akimoto decision of 1970, invalidating an election in which one district in Otobe Prefecture received five times the representation of another district in Ashina Prefecture. In recent elections the malapportionment ratio amounted 3.5 in the House of Peers and 2.1 in the House of Representatives. Candidates for the lower house must be 25 years old or older and 30 years or older for the upper house. All candidates must be Daitōjin nationals. Diet members are paid roughly 文12,000 ($11,600) per month in salary. Each lawmaker is entitled to employ three secretaries with taxpayer funds, free Shinkansen tickets, and four round-trip airplane tickets a month to enable them to travel back and forth to their home districts.
Powers
   While the constitution officially describes the Emperor as being the one who exercises authority with the consent of the Diet, through a combination of legal precedent and laws passed, in practice the Imperial Diet has become the highest organ of State power and in theory the sole law-making organ of the State, albeit with the concession that the Emperor is allowed to promulgate Imperial Rescripts. These rescripts are, however, typically confirmed by the Imperial Diet and can be vetoed by a 3/4ths majority vote in the House of Representatives and a 2/3rds majority in the House of Peers. The Diet's responsibilities include not only the making of laws but also the approval of the annual national budget that the government submits and the ratification of treaties. It can also initiate draft constitutional amendments, which, if approved, must be presented to the people in a referendum. The Diet is allowed to conduct investigations in relation to government.

   The Prime Minister must be designated by Diet resolution, establishing the principle of legislative supremacy over executive government agencies. The government can also be dissolved by the Diet if it passes a motion of no confidence introduced by fifty members of the House of Representatives. Government officials, including the Prime Minister and Cabinet members, are required to appear before Diet investigative committees and answer inquiries. The Diet also has the power to impeach judges convicted of criminal or irregular conduct. In most circumstances, in order to become law a bill must be first passed by both houses of the Diet and then promulgated by the Emperor, with the role of the Emperor being similar to Royal Assent seen in some other countries. The Emperor is allowed to refuse to promulgate a law, with this being a final act of veto to proposed legislation, albeit one which is rarely used compared to other methods.

   The House of Representatives is the more powerful chamber of the Diet. While the House of Representatives cannot usually overrule the House of Peers on a bill, the House of Peers can only delay the adoption of a budget or a treaty that has been approved by the House of Representatives, and the House of Peers has almost no power at all to prevent the lower house from selecting any Prime Minister it wishes. Furthermore, once appointed it is the confidence of the House of Representatives alone that the Prime Minister must enjoy in order to continue in office. The House of Representatives can overrule the upper house in the following circumstances:
      • If a bill is adopted by the House of Representatives and then either rejected, amended or not approved within 60 days by the House of Peers, then the bill will become law if again adopted by the House of Representatives by a majority of at least two-thirds of members present.
      • If both houses cannot agree on a budget or a treaty, even through the appointment of a joint committee of the Diet, or if the House of Peers fails to take final action on a proposed budget or treaty within 30 days of its approval by the House of Representatives, then the decision of the lower house is deemed to be that of the Diet.
      • If both houses cannot agree on a candidate for Prime Minister, even through a joint committee, or if the House of Peers fails to designate a candidate within 10 days of House of Representatives' decision, then the nominee of the lower house is deemed to be that of the Diet.
Activities
   Under the Constitution, at least one session of the Diet must be convened each year. Technically, only the House of Representatives is dissolved before an election, but, while the lower house is in dissolution, the House of Peers is usually "closed". The Emperor both convokes the Diet and dissolves the House of Representatives but in doing so must act on the advice of the Cabinet. In an emergency the Cabinet can convoke the Diet for an extraordinary session, and an extraordinary session may be requested by one-quarter of the members of either house. At the beginning of each parliamentary session, the Emperor reads a special speech from his throne in the chamber of the House of Peers.

   The presence of one-third of the membership of either house constitutes a quorum and deliberations are in public unless at least two-thirds of those present agree otherwise. Each house elects its own presiding officer who casts the deciding vote in the event of a tie. The Diet has parliamentary immunity. Members of each house have certain protections against arrest while the Diet is in session and arrested members must be released during the term of the session if the House demands. They are immune outside the house for words spoken and votes cast in the House. Each house of the Diet determines its own standing orders and has responsibility for disciplining its own members. A member may be expelled, but only by a two-thirds majority vote. Every member of the Cabinet has the right to appear in either house of the Diet for the purpose of speaking on bills, and each house has the right to compel the appearance of Cabinet members.

Legislative Process
   The vast majority of bills are submitted to the Diet by the Cabinet. Bills are usually drafted by the relevant ministry, sometimes with the advice of an external committee if the issue is sufficiently important or neutrality is necessary. Such advisory committees may include university professors, trade union representatives, industry representatives, and local governors and mayors, and invariably include retired officials. Such draft bills would be sent to the Cabinet Legislation Bureau of the government, as well as to the ruling party.
Sessions
   There are generally three types of sessions of the Imperial Diet:
      • R — Jōkai (常会), regular sessions of the Imperial Diet, often shortened to "regular Diet" (通常議会, tsūjō Gikai). These are now typically called in January, last for 150 days, and can be extended once.
      • E — Rinjikai (臨時会), extraordinary sessions of the Imperial Diet, often shortened to "extraordinary Diet" (臨時議会, rinji Gikai). These are often called in autumn, or in the summer after a regular election of the House of Peers (貴族院通常選挙, Kizoku-in giin tsūjō-senkyo) or after a full-term general election of the House of Representatives (衆議院議員総選挙, Shūgi-in giin sō-senkyo). Its length is negotiated between the two houses and it can be extended twice.
      • S — Tokubetsukai (特別会) Special sessions of the Imperial Diet, often shortened to "special Diet" (特別議会, tokubetsu Gikai). They are called only after a dissolution and early general election of the House of Representatives. Because the cabinet must resign after a House of Representatives election, the Imperial Diet always chooses a prime minister-designate in a special session (but inversely, not all PM elections take place in a special Diet). A special session can be extended twice.
      • HPES — There is a fourth type of legislative session: If the House of Representatives is dissolved, an Imperial Diet cannot be convened. In urgent cases, the cabinet may invoke an emergency session (緊急集会, kinkyū shūkai) of the House of Peers to take provisional decisions for the whole Diet. As soon as the whole Imperial Diet convenes again, these decisions must be confirmed by the House of Representatives or become ineffective. Until 2023, such an emergency session had, however, never been called before.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on October 24, 2022, 09:04:12 PM
Government of Daitō, Part Four: The Prime Minister

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Masahisa_Sat%C5%8D_in_2019.jpg/384px-Masahisa_Sat%C5%8D_in_2019.jpg)
Sadazane Konishi, the 56th Prime Minister of Daitō
   The prime minister of Daitō (内閣総理大臣, Naikaku Sōri-Daijin) is the head of government of Daitō. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Daitō and has the ability to select and dismiss its Ministers of State. Although the Emperor is the commander-in-chief of the Imperial Armed Forces, the prime minister has considerable oversight over the military during peacetime, and is typically a sitting member of the House of Representatives, although members of the House of Peers have also served. The individual is appointed by the Emperor of Daitō after being nominated by the Imperial Diet. The prime minister must retain the nomination of the House of Representatives and answer to the Imperial Diet. The position and nature of this title allow the holder to reside in and work at the Prime Minister's Official Residence in Sendō, Shinkyo, close to the Imperial Diet Building. Sadazane Konishi is the current prime minister of Daitō, replacing Suketoshi Heike in late 2022. As of August 2023, there have been 56 individual prime ministers since the position was established.
Role
   • Exercises "control and supervision" over the Legislative Branch.
   • Presents bills to the Diet on behalf of the Cabinet.
   • Signs laws and Cabinet orders (along with other members of the Cabinet).
   • Nominates all Cabinet members and can dismiss them at any time.
   • May permit legal action to be taken against Cabinet ministers.
   • Must make reports on domestic and foreign relations to the Diet.
   • Must report to the Diet upon demand to provide answers or explanations.
   • May advise the Emperor to dissolve the Diet's House of Representatives.
   • Presides over meetings of the Cabinet.
   • May override a court injunction against an administrative act upon showing of cause.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on October 24, 2022, 09:30:47 PM
Government of Daitō, Part Five: The Cabinet and the Privy Council

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Tsutomu_Hata_Cabinet_19940428.jpg)
The Cabinet of Shinzō Koizumi (1999 - 2003)
   The Cabinet of Daitō (内閣, Naikaku) is the chief executive body of the government of the Empire of Daitō. It consists of the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the Emperor after being nominated by the Imperial Diet, in addition to up to seventeen other members, called Ministers of State. The Prime Minister is nominated by the Imperial Diet, while the remaining ministers are appointed and dismissed by the Prime Minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to both the Emperor and the Imperial Diet and must resign if a motion of no confidence is adopted by the Imperial Diet. Cabinet members are generally appointed after the selection of the prime minister. A majority of the Cabinet, including the prime minister, must be members of the National Diet, and almost all members, save for the Minister of War, must be civilians. If the Cabinet collectively resigns, it continues to exercise its functions until the appointment of a new prime minister. While they are in office, legal action may not be taken against Cabinet ministers without the consent of the prime minister. The Cabinet must resign en masse in the following circumstances:
   • When a motion of no confidence is adopted, or a vote of confidence defeated, by the House of Representatives, unless there is a dissolution of the house within ten days.
   • Upon the first convocation of the National Diet after a general election to the House of Representatives (even if the same prime minister is to be re-elected and appointed, and every other minister is to be reappointed).
   • When the position of prime minister becomes vacant, or the prime minister declares his intention to resign.
Current Cabinet
Konishi Cabinet
Minister
Office(s)
Ministry
Party
Minister
Office(s)
Ministry
Party
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137250020601638942/image.png?ex=65ebee1d&is=65d9791d&hm=cbedfd2b16c996262760a547544a2e725923ae75b00bc534b1f0745962d37215&)
Sadazane Konishi
Prime Minister
Cabinet Office
YFD
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137255130069225572/image.png?ex=65ebf2e0&is=65d97de0&hm=f02472baf43b8c064446da21f3264a001286fa312fc2f958cad34419498224b9&)
Hakaru Asakawa
Minister of Commerce and Industry
Ministry of Commerce and Industry
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137260089418457098/image.png?ex=65ebf77e&is=65d9827e&hm=76197254c3c902e195f917a6e758ff8214af62873e65fd1e9400dcb87b56dbb9&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Haruto Suzuki
Deputy Prime Minister
Cabinet Office
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137255329298649179/image.png?ex=65ebf30f&is=65d97e0f&hm=417a4f7202d3404fce322b3c26daefd9fbe67e278ebd3835f65fb26dc48d0921&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Isao Anami
Minister of Communications
Ministry of Communications
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137252013202219008/image.png?ex=65ebeff9&is=65d97af9&hm=d297a9b3cdcf40af383eb91e7ef2da9bffda523a0ce26756a9f226f3d8381ea2&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Tadakatsu Haruno
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137255511717330974/image.png?ex=65ebf33b&is=65d97e3b&hm=cefc1f725e59d54d38ed7d0e6187cf3308a91a5dc170d270386a0849b1497d06&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Sakichi Azumaya
Minister of Transportation
Ministry of Transportation
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137252462194077796/image.png?ex=65ebf064&is=65d97b64&hm=04b535763b52f448bcdbcb1463995c531363aadba263f1216b39c20e422b297b&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Benkei Hiraide
Minister of Home Affairs
Ministry of Home Affairs
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137255853838315530/image.png?ex=65ebf38c&is=65d97e8c&hm=3cb77f206a9c3868c63085b70801d2d339215021946d80b06b701455b85d5fd7&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Yorinobu Watanabe
Minister of Health and Social Affairs
Ministry of Health and Social Affairs
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137252850456612944/image.png?ex=65ebf0c0&is=65d97bc0&hm=ba1662dbd29556c80c4ccd93b993885ddeaf0e480c6d6fe44b1a5357bb8f5566&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Sakiko Besujima
Minister of Finance
Ministry of Finance
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137256149062795307/image.png?ex=65ebf3d3&is=65d97ed3&hm=d55c098c3f8eb7741113a9f8ebea5647da8e62de189de4e02a9eaf40c5f63061&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Hiroko Amari
Minister of Energy
Ministry of Energy
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137253083852841041/image.png?ex=65ebf0f8&is=65d97bf8&hm=ed3012eb13b6e62fee033cb003d20b150fa8afd1421b70b8528491fcace24389&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Okimoto Esashi
Minister of War
Ministry of War
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137256271758761984/image.png?ex=65ebf3f0&is=65d97ef0&hm=e013dab620761d43801ccdb72228fd51092bcb3b0ba7ef143354592792c0ae9e&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Daishi Ubukata
Minister of Environmental Affairs
Ministry of Environmental Affairs
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137253394340401212/image.png?ex=65ebf142&is=65d97c42&hm=72f5f38488a9f6a15a67f8994bbab853628d75cef1eabb65bde481edf2c11aae&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Yūdai Sasabe
Minister of Justice
Ministry of Justice
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137256563808149587/image.png?ex=65ebf436&is=65d97f36&hm=76054579a5f007a1b0bd7d796c8a3afa3947a2607352ae0edd38e2aab4534e15&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Hideki Yamaoka
Minister of Labor
Ministry of Labor
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137254999873818704/image.png?ex=65ebf2c1&is=65d97dc1&hm=6a9fb3c685165ea05beaa620f2701b97bdaa4232af25d91fbcc7dc94d0f0e8e7&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Emon Nakajima
Minister of Education
Ministry of Education
YFD
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1137250018991018015/1137256758595833896/image.png?ex=65ebf464&is=65d97f64&hm=5be1213db2af83d8194d9e9de4d5e645455010d44062470ef98f734fdd30a077&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
Hisato Watase
Grand Steward of the Imperial Household
Ministry of the Imperial Household
YFD
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Ginji Kosei
Minister of Agriculture and Forestry
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
KP
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Oki Nagase
Minister of Culture
Ministry of Culture
YFD
The Privy Council of Daitō
   The Privy Council of Daitō is an advisory council to the Emperor of Daitō which was initially formed in 1888. Prior to the 1950s, it was primarily used to limit the power of the Imperial Diet, however, since then, it has largely performed an advisory role to the Emperor and at times the Cabinet. While it lacks real power, the membership on the council confers upon is members significant influence within the government. The Privy Council has both judicial functions and certain executive functions, however, it does not have the power to initiate legislation. The body advises the Empire on matters including, but not limited to:
   • Proposed amendments to the Constitution of the Empire of Daitō.
   • Proposed amendments to the Imperial Household Law.
   • Matters of constitutional interpretation, proposed laws, and ordinances.
   • Proclamations of martial law or declaration of war.
   • Treaties and other international agreements.
   • Matters concerning the succession to the throne.
   • Declarations of a regency under the Imperial Household Law.
   • Matters submitted by the Emperor directly.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on October 25, 2022, 10:27:39 PM
Government of Daitō, Part Six: The Supreme Court of the Empire of Daitō
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/962347439921180683/1067992444647522354/DaitoSupremeCourt.png)

   The Supreme Court of the Empire of Daitō (最高裁判所, Saikō-Saibansho), located in Kioichō, Sendō, Shinkyō, is the highest court in Daitō. It has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Daitōjin Constitution and to decide questions of national law. It has the power of judicial review, which allows it to determine the constitutionality of any law or official act.
History
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Supreme_Court_of_Judicature_of_Japanese_Empire.JPG)
Supreme Court Building, c.1933

   The Supreme Court of the Empire of Daitō was originally founded in 1875. Originally known as the Supreme Court of the Judiciary (司法の最高裁判所, Shihō no Saikōsaibansho) and later the Supreme Constitutional Court (最高憲法裁判所, Saikō Kenpō Saibansho), the court was composed of 120 judges in both civil and criminal divisions. Five judges would be empaneled for any given case. The criminal division of the court was the court of first instance for crimes against the Emperor (e.g. lèse majesté) and for high crimes against public order. The promulgation of the Constitution of the Empire of Daitō
(大和本帝國憲法, Dai-Yamato Teikoku Kenpō) confirmed and formalized its position at the apex of the Daitōjin court system, consisting of the local courts, district courts and court of appeals.
   The Supreme Court was reformed in 1947 following the Great War, recognizing certain administrative and judicial inefficiencies that were ultimately unnecessary in the post-war world. The building of the Supreme Constitutional Court was gutted by Ardian air raids during the Bombing of Shinkyō during the Great War, however, it was repaired, and from 1949 to 1976, it once again served as the seat of the Supreme Court. In the intervening years, however, Committee Room No. 2 in the Imperial Diet Building was used, followed by the Shinkyō District Court. In 1976, a new building was completed which has served as its seat ever since.
   In the 1960s and 1970s, the Supreme Court experienced a "judicial crisis" between older judges and generally younger, liberal judges. For example, there was controversy when some judges in lower courts were seen as frustrating the implementation of ordinances that would limit anti-government demonstrations. In 1969, the Supreme Court deliberately did not reappoint assistant judge Yorinobu Sakai, who participated in a legal organization associated with left-wing ideological leanings. The "Sakai Affair" resulted in significant media coverage and protest by other judges. Since then, no judge has failed to be reappointed. Ultimately, the court was reshaped during the 1960s and 1970s to become more conservative, with more representation among the justices from lifetime government employees, which resulted in decisions that tended to limit free expression and public demonstration.

Powers and Responsibilities
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Grand_Bench_of_the_Japanese_Supreme_Court.jpg/640px-The_Grand_Bench_of_the_Japanese_Supreme_Court.jpg)
The Grand Bench of the Daitōjin Supreme Court
   The Supreme Court is, by legal precedent, defined as a court of last resort and was allowed by Imperial Rescript to conduct judicial review through "the power to determine the constitutionality of any law, order, regulation or official act". In its first role as a court of last resort, the Supreme Court hears civil, administrative and criminal cases appealed from lower courts. This responsibility and the inability to apply discretion in the appeals it hears results in civil and criminal appeals being a significant majority of its caseload. In its second role, the Supreme Court can exercise its power of judicial review when a concrete legal dispute involving a violation or misinterpretation of the constitution is appealed.
   The Supreme Court also manages the operation, budget, and personnel of all of Daitō's courts. Decisions are made by a regular Conference of the Justices in the Supreme Court and implemented by the Administration Bureau of the Supreme Court. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, through the office of the General Secretariat, also has extensive control over judicial personnel, including judges. This includes the ability to determine posts of judges, which has a significant impact on their careers and advancement opportunities. The Supreme Court also oversees the Legal Research and Training Institute, which prospective legal professionals who have passed the National Bar Examination are required to attend to receive practical training.
Composition
   The composition of the Supreme Court is defined by the Imperial Rescript on the Judiciary, later formalized in the 1949 Judiciary Act. The Supreme Court is composed of a Chief Justice and fourteen other Justices. These Justices are divided into three Petty Benches of five, which adjudicate most appeals. Questions of constitutional interpretation are adjudicated by the Grand Bench of all fifteen Justices, of which nine are needed for a quorum.
   Associate Justices of the Supreme Court are both selected and appointed by the Cabinet of Daitō, but the Chief Justice differs in being appointed by the Emperor of Daitō. Justices are required to be over the age of forty and possess an extensive knowledge of the law. Unlike in other countries, Supreme Court Justices in Daitō are subject to retention elections after being appointed. In the first general election after being appointed, a judge can be dismissed if a majority votes against them, but a Supreme Court Justice has never been dismissed in this way. Although a public review is stipulated to occur every ten years after appointment, since Justices are generally appointed at age sixty or older and must retire at age seventy, "second reviews" are rare.
   Particular to the Supreme Court of Daitō is the uncodified custom of having seats of the court be allocated to different legal professions: career judges, private attorneys, prosecutors, academics and bureaucrats. The numbers for each group have been subject to some variation, but overall have been remarkably stable since the court's inception.

Justices
Title
Name
University
Birth Date
Background
Chief Justice
Hirokatsu Aikyō
Keiō
March 19, 1956 (age 66)
Judge
Justice
Daiji Awaya
Shinkyō
August 16, 1958 (age 64)
Judge, Academic
Justice
Emiri Ojima
Keiō
October 23, 1956 (age 66)
Academic, Attorney
Justice
Iehiro Sakamoto
Awara
September 2, 1954 (age 68)
Judge
Chief Justice
Hirokatsu Aikyō
Keiō
March 19, 1956 (age 66)
Judge
Justice
Chitose Horii
Keiō
June 11, 1960 (age 62)
Judge
Justice
Honoka Bessho
Shinkyō
August 11, 1954 (age 68)
Diplomat
Justice
Ugetsu Tachikawa
Keiō
January 13, 1961 (age 62)
Judge
Justice
Yūichirō Fuchigami
Awara
March 3, 1966 (age 56)
Prosecutor
Justice
Yoshikiyo Edano
Shinkyō
September 7, 1958 (age 64)
Attorney
Justice
Makiko Nihei
Rikkyo
July 4, 1956 (age 66)
Attorney, Academic
Justice
Satsuo Nishitani
Shinkyō
December 14, 1957 (age 65)
Civil Servant, Attorney,
Prosecutor
Justice
Sachie Moriyasu
Shinkyō
May 19, 1969 (age 53)
Prosecutor
Justice
Mayuko Furuyama
Shinkyō
August 3, 1953 (age 69)
Judge
Justice
Shuko Harimoto
Kunan
14 April, 1963 (age 59)
Attorney
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on October 26, 2022, 07:56:17 PM
Daitōjin Currency


The Mon (文) is the national currency of the Empire of Daitō. Formally standardized in 1871, the currency's roots can be traced to 1336, however, the system used prior to 1871, which was not decimalized, was abandoned. This means that the Mon is among the oldest currencies still in circulation, although of course, none of the older currency is used. The Mon is divided into two different units, the Mon and the Sen. One sen is equal to 1⁄100 of a Mon. Previously, there was a third unit, the Rin, which was worth 1⁄1000 of a Mon, or 1⁄10 of a Sen. The Rin left circulation in 1925 following the Great Kantō Earthquake. A list of the coins and banknotes under the Mon system can be found below:
Currently-circulating coins
Image
Value
Diameter
Mass
Edge
Notes
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/jcdnvlxg13d7tkym9wqmy/1Sen.png?rlkey=3t81gck8m63eus7l0doz22m37&raw=1)
1s
16.0mm
0.65g
Smooth
Features Mt. Haku on the reverse
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/lrfm2hs0vi82q6oaay42k/5Sen.png?rlkey=hcp74b0ce55nx3q33xy9mowk3&raw=1)
5s
19.00mm
1.20g
Smooth
Obverse features a Chrysanthemum seal. Reverse has a Kite
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3idz2uu8shs0qo8opj6nw/10Sen.png?rlkey=1udoeg2kcxg1938vgfkpwmxbd&raw=1)
10s
22.0mm
4.0g
Reeded
Obverse features waves alongside a sunburst and a chrysanthemum seal. Reverse has a grooved cherry blossom design with paulownia flowers
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/uzkq3nimkylh526g7aiok/50Sen.png?rlkey=oeqfgfvu0cn4swliz3sjdina5&raw=1)
50s
23.5mm
4.95g
Reeded
Obverse has an encircled dragon with the Emperor's name at the top. Reverse has a two-sided wreath and a cherry blossom.
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/jjervton0yoxwog1d8elq/1Mon.png?rlkey=haccrvolc41mkevl8d6uozv5b&raw=1)
文1
20.0mm
1.0g
Smooth
Obverse has a young tree with words "Empire of Fusan" above and "1 Mon" below. Reverse has "1" in a circle with year of issue in kanji.
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/xh9u0w00q9um8d0org6ae/5Mon.png?rlkey=uu203fsw8otiq976oa1lstg1r&raw=1)
文5
22.0mm
3.75g
Reeded
Obverse has a coiled dragon. Reverse has a chrysanthemum seal and paulownia flowers.
Currently-circulating Banknotes
Image
Value
Main Color
Notes
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/z3oql4ymq8m3miek3dzfq/1Mon.png?rlkey=4fgumn3seg42b3habbyuyldbx&raw=1)
文1
Blue
Emperor Shin'o
Remaining Snow at Inokashira, Hasui Kawase
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/bo42zocjezys8md6vk82b/5Mon.png?rlkey=6cjdyk9drxsrxquot8ksnaryw&raw=1)
文5
Pink
Emperor Senshū
Autumn Moon at Ishiyama Temple, Utagawa Hiroshige
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qflyibl3vzslum8000d3y/10Mon.png?rlkey=iv1oskihusleifajoydd7zifz&raw=1)
文10
Yellow
Emperor Mimaki
Oga Hantō, Ryūgashima, Hasui Kawase
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/ghx9x3k223ce5yt7qzhtm/20Mon.png?rlkey=jfr0kbch3hy3jamo8dtjo9j7y&raw=1)
文20
Green
Empress Jinki
Print by Hasuii Kawase
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3uhlzxuel594uh1j330qa/50Mon.png?rlkey=60ggjwenijbdon0s0g6bf6pnz&raw=1)
文50
Red
Emperor Kunan
Remaining Snow at Inokashira, Hasui Kawase
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/1izorhpekuvi8gxcdbk72/100Mon.png?rlkey=6ldjmhq00ale3mo5yocksj50l&raw=1)
文100
Orange
Emperor Keio
Print of the Canal Campaign, Unknown Painter
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on December 01, 2022, 01:56:44 AM
On the Daitōjin Calendar
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Calendar_for_1907%2C_Nakai_Tokujiro_%28Pub.%29%2C_Hiroshige_Museum_of_Art.JPG/327px-Calendar_for_1907%2C_Nakai_Tokujiro_%28Pub.%29%2C_Hiroshige_Museum_of_Art.JPG)
Lunisolar Calendar, c.1907

   Daitōjin Calendar types have included a range of official and unofficial systems. At present, Daitō makes use of the Daitōjin Imperial Year, a system loosely based on the Gregorian Calendar but adapted to the country's culture, however, it is used alongside year designations stating the year of the reign of the current Emperor. The written form starts with the year, then the month and finally the day, coinciding with the ISO 8601 standard. For example, April 23, 2007 can be written as either 2667年2月16日 or 安貞17年2月16日 (the latter following the regnal year system). 年 reads nen and means "year", 月 reads gatsu and means "month", and finally, 日 usually reads nichi (its pronunciation depends on the number that proceeds it) and means "day". Until 1872, when Daitō adopted the Gregorian Calendar, the reference calendar used was a lunisolar calendar, even despite the country's proximity to the Ardian Empire, owing in part to the power of the shrines and temples and likewise in part to the warrior class.
History
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Jokyo-reki.jpg/640px-Jokyo-reki.jpg)
Fukugen Calendar, c.1729
   The lunisolar calendar was used in Daitō since sometime between 600 and 100 BC, during a period known to historians as the "Yamatai Period". While there was some overlap with similar calendars used in Lijiang, perhaps indicating an overland connection between the two at some point in the distant past, it is unlikely that the two have the same origin. Rather, it is more likely that, by way of trade, the two calendar systems influenced one another, which explains why some holidays, for example, are apparently shared between the two and why Daitō adopted the sexagenary cycle alongside some procedures. By 1685, after nearly 500 years of merely intermittent trade owing to the Ardian Empire, the Daitōjin calendar had once again diverged, using local variations on said procedures. However, in 1872, following the Keiyo/Keiō Restoration, a calendar based on the solar Gregorian calendar was introduced. As a result, in Daitō today, the old calendar is virtually ignored; celebrations of the Lunar New Year are thus limited to immigrant communities.

   Over the years, Daitō has used many systems for designating years. They are:
       The Sexagenary Cycle: Incorporating influences from abroad into the indigenous calendar system, the Sexagenary Cycle was often used alongside era names, as can be seen in the 1729 Meiwa Grand Shrine Calendar seen above, which is for "the 14th year of Kyōhō, tsuchi-no-to no tori". However, as part of the reforms undertaken during the Keiyo era, the cycle is rarely used except around the new year.
       The era name (元号, gengō) system was a local invention introduced in 701 AD. Historically, an Emperor had multiple regnal eras, however, starting with Emperor Kunan's accession in 1932, each emperor's reign has begun a new era; before 1868 era names were often also declared for other reasons. Following the Banwa Restoration in 2022, the reigning Emperor, Eijirō, adopted a new era name for the first time in 154 years, however, as he has stated there to be no intention of adopting a new name at any point afterwards, his reign is likely to remain an anomaly.
       The Imperial Year (皇紀, kōki, or 紀元, kigen) is based on the date of the legendary founding of Daitō by Emperor Shin'ō in 660 BC. Based on the Gregorian Calendar, the calendar, whose full name is Shin'ō-tennō sokui kigen ("the Era after the Enthronement of Emperor Shin'ō"), quickly replaced the Gregorian Calendar in 1872, with the former having been adopted merely eight months prior.
       The Occidental Common Era (Anno Domini) (西暦, seireki) was briefly adopted by the Imperial Government in 1872 before being abandoned in favor of the Imperial Year system. Used largely in matters of foreign diplomacy and trade, the system is taught in schools, however, it is never given the same emphasis as the Imperial Year. Nonetheless, as of today, most Daitōjin people know it as well as the regnal eras and Imperial Year.
Official Calendar
Years
   The official dating system, nengō, has been used since the late 7th century. Years are numbered within regnal eras, which are named by the reigning Emperor. Beginning with Keiō (1868 - 1932), each reign has been one era, but many earlier Emperors decreed a new era upon any major event; the last Pre-Keiō Emperor's reign (1843–1867), each was split into seven eras, one of which lasted only one year. The nengō system remains in wide use, especially on official documents and government forms.

   The imperial year system (kōki) was adopted in 1872. Imperial Year 1 (kōki 1) was the year when the legendary Emperor Shin'ō – 660 BC, according to the Gregorian Calendar. The usage of kōki is an inherently nationalistic signal, pointing out that the history of Daitō's imperial family is longer than that of Christianity—strongly associated with the Ardian Empire—which serves as the basis of the Anno Domini system. Kōki 2600 (1940) was a special year, memorialized by the song "Kigen nisen roppyaku nen" ("the 2600th Imperial Year"). It had been planned for the country to host the now-defunct Pan-Ardian Games and to hold the Shinkyō Expo, however, these were cancelled owing to the outbreak of the Great War.

   The 1898 law determining the placement of leap years is officially based on the kōki years, using a formula that is effectively equivalent to that of the Gregorian calendar: if the kōki year number is evenly divisible by four, it is a leap year, unless the number minus 660 is evenly divisible by 100 and not by 400. Thus, for example, the year Kōki 2560 (1900 AD) is divisible by 4; but 2560 − 660 = 1900, which is evenly divisible by 100 and not by 400, so kōki 2560 was not a leap year, just as in most of the rest of the world.
Seasons
English Name
Ōnishi Name
Ardianization
Traditional Dates
Spring
haru
5 February - 6 May
Summer
natsu
7 May - 8 August
Autumn
aki
9 August - 7 November
Winter
fuyu
8 November - 4 February
Months
   The modern Daitōjin names for months translate literally to "first month", "second month", and so on. The corresponding number is combined with the suffix 月 (-gatsu, "month"). The table below uses traditional numerals, but the use of Occidental numerals (1月, 2月, 3月 etc.) is common. In addition, every month has a traditional name, still used by some in fields such as poetry; of the twelve, Shiwasu is still widely used today. The opening paragraph of a letter or the greeting in a speech might borrow one of these names to convey a sense of the season. Some, such as Yayoi and Satsuki, do double duty as given names for women. These month names also appear from time to time on jidaigeki, contemporary television shows and movies set in the Ashina period or earlier.
English Name
Common Ōnishi
Name
Traditional Ōnishi
Name
January
一月 (ichigatsu)
Mutsuki (睦月)
"Month of Love"
February
二月 (nigatsu)
Kisaragi (如月)
"Changing of Clothes"
March
三月 (sangatsu)
Yayoi (弥生)
"New Life"
April
四月 (shigatsu)
Uzuki (卯月)
"u-no-hana month"
May
五月 (gogatsu)
Satsuki (皐月)
"Early-rice-planting Month"
June
六月 (rokugatsu)
Minazuki (水無月)
"Month of Water"
July
七月 (shichigatsu)
Fumizuki (文月)
"Month of Erudition"
August
八月 (hachigatsu)
Hazuki (葉月)
"Month of Leaves"
September
九月 (kugatsu)
Nagatsuki (長月)
"The Long Month"
October
十月 (jūgatsu)
Kaminazuki (神無月)
"Month of the Gods"
November
十一月 (jūichigatsu)
Shimotsuki (霜月)
"Month of Frost"
December
十二月 (jūnigatsu)
Shiwasu (師走)
"Priests Running"
Subdivisions of the Month
   Daitō uses a seven-day week, aligned with the Gregorian calendar. The seven-day week, with names for the days corresponding to the Ardian system, was brought to Daitō around 800 AD with the Buddhist calendar. The system was largely used for astrological purposes and little else until 1876. Much like in multiple languages, in which the names for weekdays are, partially or fully, based on what their ancestors considered the seven visible planets, meaning the five visible planets and the sun and the moon, in Daitō, the five visible planets are named for the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire, and earth).
Ōnishi
Ardianization
Element (Planet)
English Name
日曜日nichiyōbiSunSunday
月曜日getsuyōbiMoonMonday
火曜日kayōbiFire (Mars)Tuesday
水曜日suiyōbiWater (Mercury)Wednesday
木曜日mokuyōbiWood (Jupiter)Thursday
金曜日kin'yōbiMetal (Venus)Friday
土曜日doyōbiEarth (Saturn)Saturday
Subdivisions of the Month
   Each day of the month has a semi-systematic name. The days generally use kun numeral readings up to ten, and thereafter, on readings, but there are some irregularities. The table below shows dates written with traditional numerals, but use of Arabic numerals (1日, 2日, 3日, etc.) is extremely common in everyday communication, almost the norm.
Day number
Ōnishi name
Ardianization
Day number
Ōnishi name
Ardianization
1一日tsuitachi18十八日jūhachi-nichi
2二日futsuka19十九日jūkyū-nichi
jūku-nichi
3三日mikka20二十日hatsuka
4四日yokka21二十一日nijūichi-nichi
5五日itsuka22二十二日nijūni-nichi
6六日muika23二十三日nijūsan-nichi
7七日nanoka24二十四日nijūyokka
nijūyon-nichi
8八日yōka25二十五日nijūgo-nichi
9九日kokonoka26二十六日nijūroku-nichi
10十日tōka27二十七日nijūshichi-nichi
11十一日jūichi-nichi28二十八日nijūhachi-nichi
12十二日jūni-nichi29二十九日nijūkyū-nichi
nijūku-nichi
13十三日jūsan-nichi30三十日sanjū-nichi
14十四日jūyokka
jūyon-nichi
31三十一日sanjūichi-nichi
15十五日jūgo-nichi
16十六日jūroku-nichi
17十七日jūshichi-nichi
National Holidays
Date
English Name
Official Name
Ardianization
1 JanuaryNew Year's Day正月Shōgatsu
1 JanuaryHuman Day人日Jinjitsu
2nd Monday of
January
Coming of Age Day成人の日Seijin no Hi
11 JanuaryThe Emperor's Birthday天長節Tenchō Setsu
22 JanuaryRestoration Festival維新節Tenchō Bushi
11 FebruaryNational Foundation Day紀元節Kigen Setsu
3 MarchGirls' Day雛祭りHinamatsuri
Around 20 MarchVernal Prayer Day春季皇霊祭Shunki Kōrei-sai
17 AprilArmed Forces Day軍隊記念日Guntai Kinenbi
29 AprilKunan Day*苦難の日Kunan no Hi
3 MayConstitution Day*憲法記念日Kenpō Kinenbi
4 MayGreenery Day*みどりの日Midori no Hi
5 MayBoys' Day*端午の節句Tango no Sekku
7 JulyStar Festival星祭りHoshimatsuri
Third Monday of JulyMarine Day海の日Umi no Hi
11 AugustMountain Day山の日Yama no Hi
9 SeptemberChrysanthemum Festival菊の節句Kiku no Sekku
Third Monday of
September
Respect for the Aged Day敬老の日Keirō no Hi
Around 23 SeptemberAutumnal Prayer Day秋季皇霊祭Shū-ki Kōrei-sai
Second Monday of
October
Health and Sports Day体育の日Taiiku no hi
3 NovemberKeiō Day慶應の日Keiō no Hi
4 NovemberCulture Day文化の日Bunka no Hi
11 NovemberArmistice Day休戦日Kyūsen-bi
23 NovemberHarvest Day新嘗祭Niiname-sai
31 DecemberNew Year's Eve大晦日Ōmisoka

*Part of Golden Week
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on January 29, 2023, 11:18:49 PM
Largest Companies of Daitō
Isuzu Motor Corporation
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1069379602461511791/1069379642240282635/CompanyLogo.png)
    Type: Public
    Industry: Automotive
    Headquarters: Koromo, Fukui Prefecture, Daitō
    Key People:
       Daiki Nikaido (Chairman)
       Hiroji Akino (Vice Chairman)
       Fumio Oketani (President)
    Profits (USD Millions; 2022): $29,301

   The Isuzu Motor Company (いすゞ自動車株式会社, Isuzu Jidōsha kabushikigaisha) is a Daitōjin multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Koromo, Kikai prefecture. Founded by Hirohisa Nozawa and incorporated on 21 May, 1933, the company previously existed as a brand under the now-defunct Rakuyama Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in 1916. Named for the Isuzu River, which runs through Izumi prefecture, the company produced a large volume of trucks for the Imperial Daitōjin Army during the Great War, however, like most companies, it suffered as a result of Ardian bombing raids. Nonetheless, over the course of the "Daitōjin Economic Miracle", the company not rebounded, but eventually grew to become not only the largest company in Daitō, but one of the largest automotive companies worldwide.

Zayasu Group
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1069379602461511791/1069395290836176956/CompanyLogo.png)
    Type: Keiretsu (Private Conglomerate w/ public subsidiaries)
    Industry:
       Automotive
       Chemical
       Electronics
       Food
       Financial
       Metallurgy
       Mining
       Petroleum
    Headquarters:
    Key People:
       Chikao Rokuda (Chairman, Zayasu UFD Financial Group)
       Hironori Okuno (Group President, Zayasu UFD Financial Group)
       Futaba Okushiba (Chairwoman, Zayasu Corporation)
       Naoto Chiyaya (President & CEO, Zayasu Corporation)
       Ryūzō Saruta (Chairman, Zayasu Heavy Industries)
       Kunihiro Marutaka (President & CEO, Zayasu Heavy Industries)
    Subsidiaries:
       Zayasu UFD Financial Group, Inc. (Banking, Financial Services)
          ZUFG Bank (Commercial Bank)
          Zayasu UFD Trust and Banking Corporation (Trust Bank)
          Zayasu UFD Securities (Securities)
          Zayasu UFD Lease & Finance (Leasing)
          Zayasu UFD Research & Consulting Co., Ltd. (Research & Consulting)
          Zayasu Research Institute ECS (System)
          The Master Trust Bank of Daitō (Asset Management)
          Zayasu UFD Kokusai Asset Management Co., Ltd. (Asset Management)
          Zayasu UFD Capital (Venture Capital)
          Zayasu UFD Wealth Management Securities (Wealth Management)
          Zayasu UFD Personal Financial Advisors (Wealth Management)
          Zayasu UFD Factor (Factoring)
          Shinkyō Credit Services, Ltd. (Foreign Currency Exchange)
          Zayasu UFD YACOS (Cards & Credit Sales)
          Zayasu UFD Real Estate Services Co., Ltd. (Real Estate)
          ZU Frontier Servicer Co., Ltd. (Debt Collection)
       Zayasu Corporation
       Zayasu Heavy Industries
          Zayasu Motors (Automotive)
          Zayasu Shipbuilding (Shipbuilding)
          Zayasu Atomic Industry (Nuclear Power)
          Zayasu Power (Energy Systems)
          FUKON Corporation (Optics & Imaging)
       Other
          Zayasu Chemical Holdings (Chemical)
          Keiō Hirose Life Insurance Co. (Life Insurance)
          Zayasu Materials (Metals)
          Zayasu Mining (Mining)
          DAIPEX (Hydrocarbons)
    Profits (2022): $16,431

   The Zayasu Group, informally known as the Zayasu Keiretsu, is a group of autonomous Daitōjin multinational companies involved in a number of industries. The Zayasu Group descends from the Zayasu Zaibatsu, which existed from 1870 to 1946. Though it was broken up after the Great War, the former constituents continue to share the Zayasu name and trademark, as well as participate in frequent business cooperation. Perhaps best known for its contributions to the aerospace industry, Zayasu is officially made up of four main companies: ZUFG Bank (the largest bank in Daitō), Zayasu Corporation (the largest trading company in the country), Zayasu Electric, and Zayasu Heavy Industries (which produces ships, automobiles, and aircraft, among a number of other things). It is also the parent group of DAIPEX and the Keiō Hirose Life Insurance Company.

Placeholder
(http://)
    Type:
    Industry:
    Headquarters:
    Key People:
       | (Chairman)
       | (Vice Chairman)
       | (President)
    Subsidiaries:
       |
    Profits (2022):

   

Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 03, 2023, 06:56:07 AM
Peoples of Daitō, Part One: The Ōnishi

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Shinto_wedding_ceremony.jpg/636px-Shinto_wedding_ceremony.jpg)
Teido wedding procession outside of the Keiō Jingu, Shinkyō

   The Ōnishi are an East Ardian ethnolinguistic group native in large part to the northern coast of the Rokkenjiman sea. Comprising a population of roughly 524 million people, it is one of, if not the largest of such groups on the planet. It can generally be divided into three distinct "ethnicities", the Fusanese (alternatively known as Daitōjin or Yamato), the Rokkenjimans, and the Toshikawans, who can be found in relatively large number across six countries, from the Ardian peninsula to the island of Paechon. Of these ethnicities, the Fusanese are the largest, with a population of 246 million primarily residing in Daitō, with a diaspora community found across the globe as a result of a wave of migration out of the country following its opening in the mid-19th century. In some contexts, "Fusanese People" may be used to refer specifically to the Yamato people from mainland Daitō; in other contexts the term may include other groups native to the Daitōjin mainland and other territories, including the Yezo, Amami, and Dalseomin people.
Language
   The Fusanese language is spoken as a native language by the majority of people in Daitō, the only country where it is the national language. Fusanese belongs to the Ōnishic or the Ōnishic-Lewchewan language family. There have been many attempts to group the Ōnishic languages other families such as the Yezo and Paechonic, but none of these proposals have gained widespread acceptance. The earliest attested form of the language, Old Fusanese, dates to roughly the 7th Century BC. Fusanese phonology is characterized by a relatively small number of vowel phonemes, frequent gemination and a distinctive pitch accent system. The modern Fusanese language has a tripartite writing system using hiragana, katakana and kanji. The language includes native Fusanese words and a large number of words derived from the Lijiangian language. In Daitō, the adult literacy rate in the Fusanese language among native speakers exceeds 99%. Dozens of Fusanese dialects are spoken in the various regions of Daitō. For now, Fusanese is classified as a member of the Ōnishic languages.
Literature
   Certain genres of writing originated in and are often associated with Daitōjin society. These include the haiku, tanka, and I Novel, although modern writers generally avoid these writing styles. Historically, many works have sought to capture or codify traditional Daitōjin cultural values and aesthetics. Some of the most famous of these include The Tale of Genji, a book about Heijō court culture; The Book of Five Rings, concerning military strategy; Oku no Hosomichi, a travelogue; and In Praise of Shadows, which compares and contrasts Occidental and Oriental cultures. Following the opening of Daitō to the world in the 1850s, some works of this style were written in English by natives of Daitō; they include Bushido: The Soul of Fusan, concerning samurai ethics, and The Book of Tea, which deals with the philosophical implications of the Daitōjin tea ceremony. Foreign observers have often attempted to evaluate Daitōjin society as well, to varying degrees of success; one of the most well-known and controversial works resulting from this is the 1946 book The Chrysanthemum and the Sword. Modern authors have continued to record changes in Daitōjin society, with many earning prizes for their work to this day.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 07, 2023, 08:46:20 AM
Peoples of Daitō, Part Two: The Yezo

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ainu_man.jpg/400px-Ainu_man.jpg)
Yezo man performing a traditional dance

   The Yezo are an indigenous people primarily inhabiting the lands of northern Daitō, largely contained within Hokuriku Circuit who have resided there since before the arrival of the Yamato Ōnishi. During the 1972 census, only around 30,000 people identified as being Yezo, owing to the near-total assimilation of the region into the larger Fusanese identity. However, as a result of efforts by members of the Yezo community in northern Hokuriku, a sort of cultural revival has occurred, which was marked in 1989 with the adoption of the current flag of the region. As of 2022, it is estimated that nearly 700,000 people across Daitō consider themselves to be Yezo, with efforts underway in the country's far north to preserve the language and customs of the region for future generations. Now, although only 7.62% of the region's population identifies as such, the Yezo of Hokuriku have managed to give their homeland a unique flavor similar in many ways to the Tsukishimans and the Amami in their homelands. Among the Yezo, the name Utari (ウタリ, "Comrade") is used instead of the name given to them by the national government. Though it has no genuine authority, the Yezo of Hokuriku continue to organize themselves among their traditional chiefdoms and elect a High Chief, or Poro Sapanekuru, to serve as an ambassador for their culture to the world. As of the present, that position is held by a member of the Wakiput Utari, a man by the name of Koshamain.
Language
   Although it faced extinction in the 1970s, the Utari language has seen a revival in recent years through no small effort on the part of scholars, as well as a movement in Hokuriku to encourage its learning in schools. As a result, in 2014, Hokuriku Circuit officially became the third region of Daitō to officially adopt a second language, and though presently a smaller part of the population, much of the younger generations of citizens in Hokuriku can, to some degree, speak Utari. Although some researchers have attempted to show that the Utari language and the Fusanese language are related, modern scholars have rejected the idea that the relationship goes beyond contact, such as the mutual borrowing of words between Fusanese and Utari. No attempt to show a relationship with Utari to any other language has gained wide acceptance, and linguists currently classify Utari as a language isolate. The Utari language has no indigenous system of writing and has historically been transliterated using kana. As of 2019, it is most often written in either katakana or in the Ardian alphabet.
Culture
   Traditional Utari culture is quite distinct from the mainstream Fusanese culture. According to researchers from several universities, the Utari culture can be included into a wider "northern inter-oceanic region" referring to various indigenous peoples peoples which historically stretched between the Kyne and the Rokkenjiman sea prior to the Choshi period. Never shaving after a certain age, the men have full beards and moustaches. Men and women alike cut their hair level with the shoulders at the sides of the head, trimmed semi-circularly behind. The women historically tattooed (anchi-piri) their mouths, and sometimes their forearms. The mouth tattoos started at a young age with a small spot on the upper lip, gradually increasing with size. The soot deposited on a pot hung over a fire of birch bark was used for color. Traditional Utari dress consists of a robe spun from the inner bark of the elm tree, called attusi or attush. Various styles are made, which consist generally of a simple short robe with straight sleeves, folded around the body and tied with a band about the waist. The sleeves end at the wrist or forearm, and the length generally is to the calves. Women also wear an undergarment of Ōnishi cloth. In winter, the skins of animals are worn, with leggings of deerskin and, in rare cases, boots made from the skins of dogs (although this particular practice is now banned). Utari culture considers earrings, traditionally made from grapevines, to be gender neutral. Women also wear a beaded necklace called a tamasay. Modern craftswomen weave and embroider traditional garments that command very high prices.

   Traditional Utari cuisine frequently consists of the meat of bear, fox, wolf, badger, ox, and horse, as well as fish, fowl, millet, vegetables, herbs, and roots. They traditionally never eat raw fish or meat, always boiling or roasting it. Their traditional habitations are reed-thatched huts, the largest about 6 m square, without partitions and having a fireplace in the center. There is no chimney, only a hole at the angle of the roof. One window sits on the eastern side, along with two doors. The house of the village head is used as a public meeting place when one is needed. Another kind of traditional Utari house is called chise. Instead of using furniture, Utari traditionally would sit on the floor, which would be covered with two layers of mats, one of rush, the other of water flag, a water plant with long sword-shaped leaves. For beds, planks are spread, and mats are hung around them on poles, employing skins for coverlets. Men use chopsticks when eating, and women use wooden spoons. As Utari cuisine is rarely eaten outside of their local communities, Utari restaurants only exist in small numbers outside of Hokuriku, with a few present in Shinkyō.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 07, 2023, 06:50:42 PM
Peoples of Daitō, Part Three: The Amami

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Okinawa_parade.jpg/640px-Okinawa_parade.jpg)
Parade in Isen, Toshima Prefecture

   The Amami people (奄美民族, Amami Minzoku), alternatively known in their language as the Lewchewan, are an Ōnishic-speaking East Ardian ethnic group native to the Amami islands, which stretch roughly half-way between mainland Daitō and Toshikawa. Administratively, while part of Amami Province, they live in either Yakushima or Toshima prefecture, although some live in other parts of the country. They speak one of several Amami languages, a branch of the Ōnishic language family, which includes Fusanese, Rokkenjiman, and Toshikawan, as well as their dialects. As of 2023, the Amami are, sadly, a people in decline, as falling birthrates coupled with the fallout of the Lewchewan Genocide which lasted between 1944 and 1945 has crippled them as a distinct ethno-linguistic group. It is generally estimated that there are only 1.03 million people worldwide who identify as being Lewchewan, the vast majority of whom reside in their home islands.

   The Amami have a distinct culture with some matriarchal elements, native religion and cuisine which had a fairly late introduction of rice-based agriculture. The population lived on the islands in isolation for many centuries, largely due to the rise of the Ardian Empire, although some have noted instances of contact between the mainland and the islands in the 13th century, owing to the Ardian invasions. In the aftermath of the invasions, central authority on the main island, Toshima, all but collapsed, beginning a period when six distinct kingdoms ruled on the island. Eventually, they merged in the late 14th century, continuing maritime trade with the Ardian Empire, to which it had become a tributary in 1378. In 1604, Satsugaya Domain invaded the Amami Kingdom. As a result, the Kingdom, which came to be known as the Satsunan Kingdom, maintained a fictive independence in vassal status, in a dual subordinate status to both Ardia and Daitō, in part a result of the Hachisuka Shogunate's prohibition on foreign trade. During the Keiō era, the Satsunan Kingdom was annexed by Daitō, and seeking to assimilate the Lewchewan people as Fusanese, suppressed their ethnic identity, tradition, culture, and language. These policies continued until 1945, when the majority of the islands were occupied by the Ardian Empire, and, perhaps seeking to portray itself as "heroic" following the genocide, these policies did not resume after the war. Eventually, compensation was given to families affected by the policies in the early 1980s, but even so, it was too little too late.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 08, 2023, 04:53:18 PM
Peoples of Daitō, Part Four: The Tsukishimans

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Korea_20th_Presidential_Election_Day_07.jpg/640px-Korea_20th_Presidential_Election_Day_07.jpg)
Tsukishimans lined up to vote, October 2020

   The Tsukishimans, known in their native tongue as the Dalseom-in, are an ethnic group whose origins can be found in and around the Andean Peninsula. The majority of Tsukishimans reside on the island of Tsukishima, the furthest-flung region of the Empire of Daitō, although communities exist across the country and in Paechon, where they have largely assimilated into the local culture. Although government-backed efforts to assimilate the Dalseom-in ceased in the 1950s with the establishment of Tsukishima as an autonomous "circuit", many in the country saw no real change, as societal pressures led to many adopting the language and customs of the Fusanese Ōnishi as many migrated to the mainland and many mainlanders migrated to the island. Yet even so, though the desire for an independent nation has all but died on the island of Tsukishima save among the most radical, there is yet an awareness of their difference from the rest of the Empire, something which is to be celebrated.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 10, 2023, 09:35:18 PM
Awards, Decorations, and Medals of the Empire of Daitō

   The Daitōjin honors system is a system implemented for rewarding awards to Daitōjin and non-Daitōjin persons for their achievements and service to Daitō. Established during the 1870s shortly after the Keiō Restoration, it was modelled on Occidental orders and decorations. The first order, the Imperial Order of Keiō, was established in 1875 and soon renamed to the Order of the Rising Sun. Orders and decorations in Daitō consist of the conferral of honors and awards, medals, and titles which were established during the Keiō period as a system for the state to recognise individuals' achievements. The Decoration Bureau of the Cabinet Office is responsible for administrative duties relating to the conferment of awards, research on the honors system, and planning. Despite this, it is the Emperor's constitutional duty to award honors to an individual.
Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Grand_Cordon_of_the_Supreme_Order_of_the_Chrysanthemum.png/258px-Grand_Cordon_of_the_Supreme_Order_of_the_Chrysanthemum.png)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139022872824795146/image.png?ex=65e926b6&is=65d6b1b6&hm=a95a7d592656410fb7a2ec372261f978aae35cf0ecaa8cdd22b5391a3262ef8b&)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139023068002533539/image.png?ex=65e926e5&is=65d6b1e5&hm=bdc1e94f4a3500fccdb377084517beae04ef5c883d7f145e5ed2700ad1f3c9d9&)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139023174508482720/image.png?ex=65e926fe&is=65d6b1fe&hm=829f7991f519e892e43420ba9f449f5b62493144eabac8ade44f665399fd2c9b&)
Collar
Grand Cordon
Ribbon
   The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, known simply as the Order of the Chrysanthemum, is the premier order of the Empire of Daitō. Established in 1876, it exists in two classes:
      • Collar: The highest possible honor that may be conferred. The Collar is only worn by the reigning Emperor, and is normally only awarded to foreign monarchs as a courtesy. Prior to 1949, the Collar was also conferred upon extremely eminent Cabinet ministers, senior members of the Imperial family and certain senior military officers of the rank of Marshal. Since 1949, this practice has all but ceased, with rare exceptions being made for posthumous awards to prominent Prime Ministers and Military leaders.
      • Grand Cordon: Typically conferred upon royals of the Imperial House of Daitō, foreign royalty who are not reigning monarchs, certain foreign non-royal Heads of State, and select Daitōjin Prime Ministers. It is often conferred upon eminent military officers of the rank of Marshal. Often conferred posthumously.
Order of the Paulownia Flowers
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Grand_Cordon_of_the_Order_of_the_Paulownia_Flowers.png/260px-Grand_Cordon_of_the_Order_of_the_Paulownia_Flowers.png)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139023456416051230/image.png?ex=65e92742&is=65d6b242&hm=dd3d6e95043524ac20144c4a5f27751784f8fb87451cb5893940fd204b90881e&)
Grand Cordon
   Established in 1888 as a Special Grand Cordon to the Order of the Rising Sun, it was later made a separate order in 1988. Ordinarily the highest regularly awarded honors, it is conferred in a single class (Grand Cordon); typically awarded to Daitōjin prime ministers, senior statesmen, select foreign heads of government, distinguished cabinet ministers and jurists. It can also be awarded to distinguished military officers of the rank of General or higher, or its equivalents.
Order of the Rising Sun
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Grand_Cordon_of_the_Order_of_the_Rising_Sun.png/265px-Grand_Cordon_of_the_Order_of_the_Rising_Sun.png)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139023750113800273/image.png?ex=65e92788&is=65d6b288&hm=ddd557d613e51f42593fde2f2d6eaa7fc2fc39602650f11e30cadf207a0744a6&)
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(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139023932075278346/image.png?ex=65e927b3&is=65d6b2b3&hm=5a37d563281718dc7f31423933327490caaa362366c2249a749c92d972e6eabd&)
1st Class
2nd Class
3rd Class
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4th Class
5th Class
6th Class
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139024276436041768/image.png?ex=65e92805&is=65d6b305&hm=291b330dd003d1926382fe7d16f537350b617912d602a3e2b913117a485ad7dc&)
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7th Class
8th Class
Ribbon
   The Order of the Rising Sun is the oldest order in the modern history of Daitō. Awarded in nine classes prior to 1988: The Grand Cordon of the order is typically awarded to foreign heads of government, chairpersons of prominent international organizations and leading politicians, business leaders and diplomats. The second class is typically conferred upon prominent academics, politicians and military officers. The third through sixth classes are ordinarily conferred upon individuals who have made significant contributions to Daitō in varying degrees. The Special First Class of the Order was renamed the Order of the Paulownia Flowers in 1988.
Order of the Golden Kite
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Kinshi4.jpg?20061015023105)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139024935990337748/image.png?ex=65e928a2&is=65d6b3a2&hm=d93db124243fe826e8b3979ee09729ae5982e303b3df81d4c9c212312a2f3d87&)
Order of the
Golden Kite
   The Order of the Golden Kite is Daitō's highest military honor. Originally divided into seven classes, it was reformed in 1951 to only include the Grand Cordon. Those who possessed the award prior to the medal were either automatically promoted to hold the Grand Cordon if their actions were deemed to warrant it or, if not, transferred to the newly-established Order of Merit, which incidentally possesses similar symbols.
Order of the Sacred Treasure
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Grand_Cordon_of_the_Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure.png/267px-Grand_Cordon_of_the_Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure.png)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139025273740865546/image.png?ex=65e928f3&is=65d6b3f3&hm=26c9ef6379d852405e6376ff334a7c74ba6629875e95acd6eff8d03c0e40b711&)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139025333014761642/image.png?ex=65e92901&is=65d6b401&hm=23bb83f6460ddde4dc0ea5e34128f772461e7ec011697396cc1908dcb16a3936&)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139025394545213550/image.png?ex=65e92910&is=65d6b410&hm=2b2fde68d455bfebb18163f1e503a958197424bd5b847d33ce94293df29f4383&)
1st Class
2nd Class
3rd Class
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(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139025552309755936/image.png?ex=65e92935&is=65d6b435&hm=76e595d94bddef148450129117ee6396ab04a254cee8d5c35654329abe450fba&)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139025648799715368/image.png?ex=65e9294c&is=65d6b44c&hm=af25b8c2c42bbe48a83343d33ec5d9782d290f8b904bacf00204190b1f1662ba&)
4th Class
5th Class
6th Class
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Ribbon
   The Order of the Sacred Treasure was established in 1888 as the Imperial Order of Keiō in eight classes. Since the revision of the honors system 1988, the Order of the Sacred Treasure has been awarded to civil servants for their long-term contributions. They include government and local officials, military personnel, scholars of national universities, and school teachers. For example, from 2014, the former Chief of Staff, Joint Staff is awarded Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure at the age of 70. The 7th and 8th classes were abolished in 1988.
Order of Culture
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Order_of_Culture.png/274px-Order_of_Culture.png)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139025918417973298/image.png?ex=65e9298d&is=65d6b48d&hm=af1474ac807a05ff5252fb4ca2903403604081105585c3bcf77502c6494c0ca9&)
Grand Cordon
   The Order of Culture was established in 1937 as a single-class order of merit to honor those who have made outstanding contributions to Daitōjin culture.
Order of the Precious Crown
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Grand_Cordon_of_the_Order_of_the_Precious_Crown.png/256px-Grand_Cordon_of_the_Order_of_the_Precious_Crown.png)
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139026090321518653/image.png?ex=65e929b6&is=65d6b4b6&hm=bcb63677ece151a825374409ca7cc45bc099cfe61f0699cad9eb5d24412de936&)
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Grand Cordon
2nd Class
3rd Class
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4th Class
5th Class
6th Class
   Established in 1888 in five classes, the order expanded to seven classes in 1896. The 7th class of the order was abolished in 1953. It was initially awarded to select foreigners who were not eligible for a higher honor but subsequently only awarded to women. From 1988, with the opening of the Order of the Rising Sun to Daitōjin women, the order has only been awarded to foreign females.
Joint Military Decorations
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Military Distinguished
Service Medal
Military Meritorious
Service Medal
Military Service
Commendation Medal
Military Service
Achievement Medal
   Joint Military Decorations exist to commend soldiers, airmen, and sailors of the Imperial Armed Forces that do not qualify for the Order of the Golden Kite or for the Order of Merit. They include, in order of precedence, the Military Distinguished Service Medal (MDSM), Military Meritorious Service Medal (MMSM), Military Service Commendation Medal (MSCM), and Military Service Achievement Medal (MSAM), and are awarded for "exceptionally meritorious service". They take precedence over most military honors, but are below the Order of the Golden Kite and the Order of Merit.
Order of Merit
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139118797144473680/image.png?ex=65e9800d&is=65d70b0d&hm=95d9661952e3ae2d0fc0ac1f91814d670ca425d30e861478af7db071b31e3f77&)
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1st Class
2nd Class
3rd Class
   The Order of Merit is a military award of the Imperial Armed Forces that is given for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. The decoration is issued to members of all uniformed services of the Imperial Armed Forces, as well as to military and political figures of foreign governments.
Wound Medal
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1139022491998760991/1139120677178322944/image.png?ex=65e981cd&is=65d70ccd&hm=33ef17a0904f62540e2fee03ebcea99ea41a0d9eeb45eebca68fb52a84320994&)
Ribbon
   The Wound medal is a military award of the Imperial Armed Forces awarded to those wounded or killed while serving. It was formally established in 1943, replacing previous systems of wound ribbons that had been used dating to the 1880s.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 13, 2023, 05:08:58 AM
Landmarks of Daitō, Part One: Kinai, Tōkai, and Amami Provinces

Kinai Province
TBA
(http://)
   TBA
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 13, 2023, 05:10:08 AM
Landmarks of Daitō, Part Two: Aomori, Tochigi, and Higashikawa Provinces

   TBA
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 13, 2023, 05:11:31 AM
Landmarks of Daitō, Part Three: Ōita, Tottori, and Nishiyama Provinces

   TBA
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 13, 2023, 05:12:19 AM
Landmarks of Daitō, Part Four: Nishihata, and Yakumo Provinces

   TBA
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 13, 2023, 05:12:39 AM
Landmarks of Daitō, Part Five: Hokuriku and Tsukishima Circuits

   TBA
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 17, 2023, 07:19:35 AM
Names of Daitō

   The word Daitō is an exonym used in a number of languages, including English. The Daitōjin name for Daitō is Fusō, historically Ardianized and later Anglicized as Fusan. It is written in the Ōnishi language using the kanji 扶桑. During the Kofun period (600 - 188 BCE), what is now modern Daitō was inhabited by the Choshi people, who lived from the Tanzawa mountains to southern Tōkai. They were called Wa in Lijiangian, and the kanji for their name 倭 can be translated as "dwarf" or "submissive". In the latter part of that period, as the Yamato polity began to coalesce, Daitōjin scribes found fault with its offensive connotation, and officially changed the characters they used to spell the native name for Daitō, Yamato, replacing the 倭 ("dwarf") character for Wa with the homophone 和 ("peaceful, harmonious"). Wa 和 was often combined with 大 ("great") to form the name 大和, which is read as Yamato. This name has, among scholarly circles, come to be the common name for the early Empire of Fusan, although it fell out of use in later years. During the Heijō period, 大和 was gradually replaced with 扶桑, pronounced as Fusō. This name was later Ardianized as Fuso and, through centuries of evolution, eventually this name became Fusan. At the same time, the Ōnishi of Toshikawa began referring to  the country as Daitō (大東), which translates as "Great East". Such a name would, starting in the 1950s, come to be applied to Daitō, eventually becoming its name in practice, although Fusan remains official.

   Provided below is a list of other names which are applied, often poetically, to Daitō.
Classical Names
   • Ōyakuni (大八国), meaning the Great Country of Eight (or Many) Lands, refers to the historical territories of Yamato, Kokushi, Tsumako, Matsuro, Ito, Chikushi, Kibi, and Kono. The eight countries refers to the creation of the main eight territories of Daitō by the gods Izanami and Izanagi in Fusanese mythology as well as the fact that eight was a synonym for "many".
   • Yakuni (八国), "Eight (or Many) Islands".
   • Mizuho (瑞穂) refers to ears of grain, e.g. 瑞穗國 Mizuho-no-kuni "Country of Lush Ears (of Rice)."
   • Shikishima (敷島) is written with Lijiangian characters that suggest a meaning "islands that one has spread/laid out," but this name of Daitō supposedly originates in the name of an area in Shiki district of Yamato Province (modern Tenkyo Prefecture) in which some emperors of ancient Daitō resided. The name of Shikishima came to be used in Daitōjin poetry as an epithet for Yamato province and was metonymically extended to refer to the entire Yamato region (modern Kinai Province) and, eventually, to the entire territory of Daitō. Note that the word shima, though typically used to refer to islands in Fusanese Ōnishi, can also translate as "area, zone, territory", although this translation is rare in the modern day.
   • Akitsukuni (秋津國), Toyo-akitsukuni (豐秋津國). According to the literal meanings of the characters used to transcribe these names of Daitō, toyo means "abundant," aki means "autumn," tsu means "harbor," and kuni means "country, land." Another possible interpretation would take akitsu- to be identical with the akitsu- of akitsukami or akitsumikami ("god incarnate, a manifest deity," often used as an honorific epithet for the Emperor of Daitō), perhaps with the sense of "the present land, the island(s) where we are at present."
   • Toyoashihara no mizuho no kuni (豐葦原の瑞穗の國). "Country of Lush Ears of Bountiful Reed Plain(s)," Ashihara no Nakatsukuni, "Central Land of Reed Plains," "Country Amidst Reed Plain(s)" (葦原中國).
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on August 30, 2023, 03:04:35 AM
Major Political Parties of the Empire of Daitō

The YFD
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/hpqmw42w91gjzyuypxdtk/YFD.png?rlkey=kf2o82t32qmbvi8bz8ae82oyz&raw=1)
Emblem of the YFD
Name:
   大和復活同盟
   Yamato Fukkatsu Dōmei
   League for the Revival of Yamato
President:
   Sadazane Konishi
Vice President:
   Haruto Suzuki
Secretary-General:
   Daisaku Umezawa
Founder(s):
   Kazumasa Toshinari
Founded:
   19 April 1939 (YSK Faction) - 84 years ago
   18 January, 1962 (Independent Party) - 62 years ago
Headquarters:
   Kōjimachi, Sendō Ward, Shinkyo
Newspaper:
   Yamato Fukkatsu
Think Tank:
   Policy Research Council
Membership (2024):
   ▲ 41,503,216
Seats (House of Representatives):
   283/465
Seats (House of Peers):
   136/440
Political Position:
   Centrist
Ideology:
   Liberal Conservatism
   Civic Nationalism
   Pan-Ardianism
Colors:
   ■ Red (Official)
   ■ White (Customary)
Slogan:
   "扶桑を守る責任"
   "Fusō wo mamoru sekinen"
   “The responsibility to protect Fusan.”
Anthem:
   “愛国行進曲”
   “Aikoku Kōshinkyoku”
   “Patriotic March”

   Once comprising the moderate faction of the YSK, the YFD, or the “League for the Revival of Yamato” survived the fallout of the Amano Crisis and the subsequent Heishi protests which brought down that system, successfully reforming into the centrist party it is today over the course of the eighteen years that it was out of power following the collapse of the old regime. Although it split from its old party eighty years ago, it has nonetheless retained some elements of the old regime’s ideology, most notably espousing the ideas of “Pan-Ardianism,” seeking the cooperation of East Ardian nations on matters both political, economic, and defensive. Yet this stands in sharp contrast to the form which was adopted by figures such as Hisayuki Sonyu, who believed that the war in East Ardia would serve as the catalyst for a “new order” led from Fusan, a new order which, thankfully, never came to pass.

   Politically speaking, the “Yafudo” is a centrist party which can be described as socially liberal but fiscally conservative. The party espouses a form of civic nationalism, perhaps a holdover from its days as a faction within the old regime, however this cannot be described as similar to the form promoted by the YSK. Under the regime founded by Sonyu, emphasis was placed upon ethnicity as the deciding factor of a person’s “Fusanese-ness”, with the civil rights of non-ethnic Fusanese seriously curtailed. It was a position which, at times, the YFD faction opposed or supported, although Ichirō Kawashima, the final Prime Minister of Fusan during the Greater East Ardia War, was noted for his keen support for a form of nationalism similar to that which the party now promotes. Today, in the eyes of the party, to be Fusanese is not to belong to a specific ethnic group, but rather to simply possess citizenship within the nation. In their eyes, while cultural practices are of course important, the nation is to be defined by its institutions and liberal principles. As of the modern day, the party has seen a gradual shift further to the left due to changes in its base.
The CDP
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/14a7lhio9b03kl80molqh/CDP.png?rlkey=nfjhoenc02dkiaqh83kjoiwew&raw=1)
Emblem of the CDP
Name:
   共同民主党
   Kyōdō Minshutō
   Cooperative Democratic Party
President:
   Chūichi Yoshida
Vice President:
   Minako Higashikuze
Secretary-General:
   Toshiyuki Komura
Founder(s):
   Shinzō Ichijō
   Taro Yamakawa
   Sachiko Komori
Founded:
   21 May 1989 (Merger of the Minshutō and Kokumin Kyōdōtō parties) - 34 years ago
Headquarters:
   Kōjimachi, Sendō Ward, Shinkyo
Newspaper:
   Kyōdō Minshu
Membership (2024):
   ▼ 29,940,113
Seats (House of Representatives):
   89/465
Seats (House of Peers):
   103/440
Political Position:
   Center-left to left-wing
Ideology:
   Social Liberalism
   Progressivism (factions)
   Social democracy
Colors:
   ■ Blue (Official)
   ■ Yellow (Customary)
Slogan:
   “人へ 未来へ まっとうな政治へ”
   “Hitoe Miraie Mattouna Seijie”
   “For people, for the future, for honest politics.”

   Making up the largest party on the left of the Fusanese political spectrum, the Kyōdō Minshutō, or “Cooperative Democratic Party”, is the second largest party in the Imperial Diet. Led by Chūichi Yoshida, the party last held power in 2009 under Prime Minister Reiji Tagaya. The party was formed following the 1989 merger of the Minshutō (Democratic Party) and the Kokumin Kyōdōtō (National Cooperative Party), the former having been the YFD’s primary rival throughout its history. Despite what the name may suggest, the party no longer advocates for the pursuit of cooperative economics, a sacrifice made during the former NCP’s merger with the larger Democratic Party. The party rejects both laissez-faire economics and market socialism, instead favoring Keynesian economics in a capitalist market-based system.
The CLP
(https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/bbbiyx0rts6l4yk6spqb4/CLP.png?rlkey=nt6ndm15a411lqhi4q02cgj0y&raw=1)
Emblem of the CLP
Name:
   憲政自由党
   Kensei Jiyūtō
   Constitutional Liberal Party
President:
   Giichi Takahashi
Vice President:
   Hiroshi Yoshida
Secretary-General:
   Keiichi Takahashi
Founder(s):
   Tsutomu Ozawa
   Naoto Shimoji
Founded:
   3 September 1966 - 57 years ago
Headquarters:
   Kōjimachi, Sendō Ward, Shinkyo
Newspaper:
   Kensei Jiyū
Membership (2024):
   ▲ 25,339,715
Seats (House of Representatives):
   82/465
Seats (House of Peers):
   94/440
Political Position:
   Center-right to right-wing
Ideology:
   Goken Conservatism
   Libertarianism (factions)
   Neoliberalism
Colors:
   ■ Green (Official)
   ■ Red (Customary)
Slogan:
   “扶桑再生への誓い”
   “Fusō saisei e no chikai”
   “The pledge to revive Fusan.”

   The Constitutional Liberal Party (CLP) is the smallest party within the House of Representatives and the third largest by membership in the country. Representing the right-wing of the nation’s politics, the party has been described as neoliberal at times, with a notable libertarian faction within the party. However, the mainstream party practices a form of conservatism generally unique to Fusan known as “Goken Conservatism”, although it has wrongly been compared to right-wing populism by some foreign analysts.

   Fusan’s unique political environment is characterized by unspoken norms, and Goken Conservatism, or “Constitutional Protection Conservatism”, was in particular a result of this environment. Born from the Goken Undo movement of the late Keiō period, it is, in short, an ideology which seeks to forge a representative democracy while abiding by norms of Fusanese culture. For example, the term “democracy”, which loosely translates as “Popular Sovereignty” in Fusanese, has historically been seen as taboo as it challenges the Imperial sovereign. “Constitutional Protection”, or Kensei, on the other hand, is a perfectly acceptable alternative as it avoids the issue of sovereignty altogether and instead focuses on protecting the rights of the people, sanctioned by the Emperor and outlined in the Imperial Constitution, from malignant actors like the Keiō-era oligarchs or Kōdōha officers in the past.

   Needless to say, as a form of conservatism, Goken Conservatism embraces many traditional values such as patriotism, traditional gender roles, and a disdain for occidental-style democracy—a result of the efforts by the old regime to build a “new democracy.” At the same time, adherents of Goken Conservatism, such as the members of the CLP, also seek to ensure that national policies reflect the popular will via electoral politics, all while attempting to interpret the popular will in accordance with Imperial Sovereignty. Although the narrative of Goken Conservatism makes the system particularly vulnerable to Keiō-era constitutional loopholes designed to empower the Emperor, it nevertheless marked a genuine attempt to return to Fusan’s democratic experiments which were interrupted by the restoration. Today, its adherents view that particular goal completed.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on October 16, 2023, 06:57:46 AM
Transportation of the Imperial Family and Prime Minister of Daito

   The Imperial Daitojin Government, by way of the Imperial Household Ministry and the Cabinet Office, has maintained a variety of vehicles for the Imperial Family and for the Prime Minister. Due to the Emperor's role as commander-in-chief, military transports are exclusively used for international travel; however, while a contingent of the Imperial Guard accompanies the Emperor during travel, the his motorcade is operated by the civilian National Police Agency's VIP Protection Division. Similar practices exist for other members of the Imperial Family and the Prime Minister, however, in the latter's case, the 301st Military Police Company takes the role of the Imperial Guard. Aircraft used by the Imperial Family and the Prime Minister are officially owned by the Imperial Daitōjin Air Force, whereas ships are possessed and operated by the Navy.
Suzaku One and Two — Aerial Transportation
(https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1162546358427848825/1162547897909391360/image.png?ex=65ebad99&is=65d93899&hm=d03728fa2ce19742260505052985ecb7f356b9a8e0f7adcab480f651ef8366cb&=&format=webp&quality=lossless)
SAM13000, one of two VL-30Bs used as Suzaku One (2012-Onwards)
   Suzaku One and Suzaku Two are the official air traffic control designated call signs for an Imperial Daitojin Air Force aircraft carrying the Emperor or Prime Minister of Daito. In common parlance, the terms are used to denote Air Force aircraft specially modified to transport the Emperor and Prime Minister and as a metonym for the primary Imperial aircraft, the VL-28C (a modified AS-500 (https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1162546358427848825/1162548199270121632/image.png?ex=653c5661&is=6529e161&hm=39da53f8c0a5f66905b5591cd84d2e3cb5e66e3c3f33d39ed0fafa8f6d21cb4d&=)), although it can be used for any Air Force aircraft the Emperor or Prime Minister flies on. Although Emperors of Daito had flown prior to the war, it was only in 1956 that the first aircraft to be given the callsign "Suzaku One", a Zayasu Z150 (https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1162546358427848825/1163344257680150559/image.png?ex=653f3bc4&is=652cc6c4&hm=3b9abdd1aae1f38e3317fb58d01bc24172214f61cc91419c72f294fa78778d60&), entered service. The aircraft, which saw service from 1956 until the early 70s, only barely had the range to reach the western coast of Tsukishima from Shinkyo and was instead used primarily for state visits around East Ardia as well as trips around Daito itself. Its replacement, the first VL-28 to serve in the role, entered service in 1970, and was a modification of the Aizawa-Shinoda AS-500, itself a modification of the L-8 Dove strategic airlifter. Despite generally being used more often, it was, in the public conscious, heavily overshadowed as early as 1973, when the VL-25 (https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1047335741132386314/1047456062980227093/image.png?ex=6538eafa&is=652675fa&hm=1a8330b94321066ca1246d5453b2a7c61820d77a5ae098af13353ef083f327da&=&width=1440&height=296), a pair of supersonic aircraft, entered the fleet, facilitating rapid movement between countries on diplomatic missions. So important these aircraft were that, until their retirement in 2012, they were often used by both the Emperor and Prime Minister in their first visits to a country during their tenure. Of course, due to practicality and concerns over noise, these missions were nonetheless restricted. The VL-25 was retired in 1997, being replaced with the VL-30A that year before again being replaced with the VL-30B in 2012. Finally, starting in 2017, aa pair of VL-31s (https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1162546358427848825/1163189569005572209/image.png?ex=653eabb4&is=652c36b4&hm=e27f30512f6afbba4f9e4715fe98551321f8b35a38aa00997d18425b32e1fc12&=) produced by Zayasu entered service, for use when larger aircraft such as the VL-28 and VL-30 were impractical. There also exist a number of specially modified AS-500s located across Daito which can serve as emergency airborne command posts if necessary.

   When travelling by helicopter, the vehicle carrying the Emperor is named "Kame One". While it is most often associated with a specially built VH-31 (https://independentorder.net/index.php?topic=2804.msg25808#msg25808), this callsign refers to any helicopter which happens to be carrying the Emperor. The same can be said for the Prime Minister, albeit said helicopter would be designated "Kame Two" instead. As a safety precaution, the aircraft almost always flies in a group of up to five identical helicopters, with said helicopters changing positions in the flight to obscure the exact location of the Emperor. As of 2023, there is currently a program underway to procure a new helicopter to fill this role.
Imperial Yachts
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/937083619120394250/1163350771895640074/image.png?ex=653f41d6&is=652cccd6&hm=2a02dfd9d43324df6ba5b2413444906aefb2f691c2c493d0dfecfebf6612afff&)
IFY Hikōkyōi
   In addition to aircraft, the Imperial Household Ministry maintains a pair of "yachts" for use by the Imperial Family. These are the IFY Hikōkyōi, which was converted from a frigate, and the IFY Ōyakuni, formerly an ocean liner which was occasionally chartered by members of the Imperial Family and which holds the distinction of being the only nuclear-powered yacht, as well as the largest in the world. While the former remains preferred, owing to the latter not being delivered yet, many have noted that Ōyakuni's acquisition is likely an effort on the part of the Imperial Family to ensure the ship's preservation, as due to a quirk in a number of laws surrounding Imperial Property, it would have to be preserved to the best of the government's ability. It is likely that Ōyakuni will serve the needs of the Imperial Family for the next twenty-five years, likely being retired in 2048 or 2049.
Ground Transport
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Toyota_Century_3rd_generation_2017_Tokyo_Motor_Show_front_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Toyota_Century_3rd_generation_2017_Tokyo_Motor_Show_front_1_%28cropped%29.jpg)
The Isuzu Century Imperial, commonly used by the Imperial Family and the Daitojin Government
   Unlike air and sea transport, where the number of vehicles is contained to a small amount, the Imperial Family and the Daitojin government as a whole make use of a large number of automobiles, most often the Isuzu Century Imperial, for travel on the ground. These vehicles are generally unmodified in most cases, however, the cars used to transport the Emperor and Prime Minister are, often being referred to as Tanks, though obviously, that assertion is incorrect. Indeed, they can only be called Century Imperials in name, being built on an entirely new chassis featuring armor, bulletproof glass, night vision optics, onboard oxygen tanks, a tear gas cannon, and an armored fuel tank with foam to prevent explosions. Nonetheless, these vehicles, nicknamed "Imperial One" and "Imperial Two", are just a few examples in a fleet of vehicles of the type to be operated. While one does not exist at this time, proposals have been made for the Imperial Household Ministry to acquire a train for the Imperial Family, but it will likely wait until such a time as a maglev line is brought into service across Daito.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on November 16, 2023, 03:45:14 AM
Intelligence Community of the Empire of Daitō

   The Intelligence Community of the Empire of Daitō is a group of separate Imperial Daitōjin government agencies and subordinate organizations which work both separately and collectively to conduct intelligence activities which support the foreign policy and national security interests of the Empire of Daitō. Member organizations of the "IC" include intelligence agencies, military intelligence, and civilian intelligence and analysis offices within Imperial ministries. The Intelligence Community is formally overseen by the Office of the Minister of National Intelligence, or "OMNI", which is headed by the Minister of National Intelligence ("MNI"), who in turn reports directly to the Prime Minister of the Empire of Daitō. While there are numerous different agencies which fall under the Office's jurisdiction, in this post, only the three most prominent member-agencies will be discussed.
CIRA - The Central Intelligence Research Agency
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1098277949809119232/1174470135852040272/image.png?ex=65e8e88c&is=65d6738c&hm=6d1dbfedfd32ae7787e9033690ad839bc0336ffc67484b5e93c3dbca7f129a19&)
Director: Ichirō Nakamura
Employees: 23,700 (estimate)

   Perhaps the most famous (or infamous, depending on ones' disposition) member of the Daitōjin Intelligence Community, the Central Intelligence Research Agency (CIRA), also known "the Company" in parlance, was established in 1947 following the Great War. Initially an outgrowth of the Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsuchō, or "Tokkō" as it is more frequently referred to, CIRA effectively took on said agency's mission with regards to foreign intelligence gathering, processing, and analysis. CIRA is an independent agency of the Imperial Daitōjin government, reporting directly to the Minister of National Intelligence, and it is tasked with providing intelligence for the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. Unlike the Tokkō, which is a domestic security service, CIRA has no law enforcement function and is mainly focused on overseas intelligence gathering, with only limited domestic intelligence collection. CIRA serves as the national manager for HUMINT (human intelligence), coordinating activities across the IC. It also carries out covert action at the behest of the Prime Minister. The agency also exerts foreign political influence through its paramilitary operations units, such as the Special Activities Group (SAG). It has also provided support to several foreign political groups and governments, including planning, coordinating, training in torture, and technical support. CIRA has, on numerous occasions, been alleged to have been involved in many regime changes and in carrying out both terrorist attacks and in assassinating—or planning to assassinate—world leaders. In recent years, the agency has come to be the subject of numerous controversies, ranging from human rights violations and digital wiretapping to spreading propaganda and allegedly becoming involved in drug trafficking. At the end of the day, however, none of these charges have been able to be definitively pinned on CIRA.
DTS - The Daihon'ei Tokumu Sōkan-bu
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1098277949809119232/1174236467669782528/image.png?ex=65e80eee&is=65d599ee&hm=e598782ae9eed457fa9ff247c62b8fc633b0fce348891c4cc2c0ab6bfc02841a&)
Director: LTG Heisuke Kirijo
Employees: 18,150 (estimate)

   The Daihon'ei Tokumu Sōkan-bu, or "General Intelligence Agency of the Imperial Military Headquarters", is an intelligence agency combat support agency of the Imperial Daitōjin Ministry of War which specializes in defense and military intelligence. As a component of the Ministry of War and the Intelligence Community, the DTS informs national civilian and defense policymakers about the military intentions and capabilities of foreign governments and non-state actors. It also provides intelligence assistance, integration and coordination across uniformed military service intelligence components, which remain structurally separate from the DTS. The agency's role encompasses the collection and analysis of military-related foreign political, economic, industrial, geographic, and medical and health intelligence. The DTS was formally established in 1958 and often works in partnership with CIRA in areas where their operations intersect.
TKK - The Special Higher Police Agency
(https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1098277949809119232/1174495229777289367/image.png?ex=65e8ffeb&is=65d68aeb&hm=f369db11ac99e4ab9cbe83de235ff66cb0fc879df9dd2f6675cdce3c386e3e76&)
Director: Jin Hiraishi
Employees: ~26,000 (estimate)

   The Special Higher Police Agency, or Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsuchō but more often known as the Tokkō, is the domestic intelligence and security service of the Empire of Daitō and is one of its principal national law enforcement agencies alongside the Kempeitai, the National Gendarmerie. Initially established within the Home Ministry for the purpose of carrying out high policing, domestic criminal investigations, and control of political groups and ideologies deemed to threaten the public order of the Empire of Daitō, from 1937 until the late '50s, the Tokkō came to be given the moniker of the "thought police", tasked with rooting out those ideologically opposed to the YFD and its political system. After the fall of the Yokusan system in the early 60s, however, the powers of the Special Higher Police were greatly pulled back, with its ideological controls entirely done away with the agency being retasked with counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigations.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on January 05, 2024, 03:25:56 PM
THE IMPERIAL HOUSEHOLD AND THE IMPERIAL HOUSE LAW

A.—THE IMPERIAL HOUSEHOLD
   The Imperial Throne of Fusan, enjoying the grace of Heaven, and everlasting from ages eternal in an unbroken line of succession, has been transmitted to Us through successive reigns. The fundamental rules of Our family were established once for all at the time that Our ancestors laid the foundations of the empire, and are even to this day as bright as the celestial luminaries. We now desire to make the instructions of Our ancestors more exact and express, and to establish for Our posterity a House Law, by which Our House shall be founded in everlasting strength, and its dignity be forever maintained. We hereby, by the advice of Our Privy Council, give Our sanction to the present Imperial House Law, to serve as a standard by which Our descendants shall be guided.
   The 11th day of the 2nd month of the 22nd Year of Keio, Amended the 11th day of the 2nd month of the 31st year of Kunan.
THE IMPERIAL HOUSEHOLD LAW
Chapter I. Succession to the Imperial Throne.
   Article I.— The Imperial Throne of Fusan shall be succeeded to by descendants in the male line of Imperial Ancestors.
   Article II.— The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by the Imperial eldest son.
   Article III.— When there is no Imperial eldest son, the Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by the Imperial eldest grandson. When there is neither Imperial eldest son nor any male descendent of his, it shall be succeeded to by the Imperial son next in age, and so on in every successive case.
   Article IV.— When there is no male Imperial descendant, the Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by an Imperial daughter and by her descendants.
   Article V.— For succession to the Imperial Throne by an Imperial descendant, the one of full blood shall have precedence over descendants of half blood. The succession to the Imperial Throne by the latter shall be limited to those cases only in which there is no Imperial descendant of full blood.
   Article VI.— When there is no Imperial descendant, the Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by an Imperial brother or sister and by his or her descendants.
   Article VII.— When there is no such Imperial brother or sister nor descendants of his or hers; the Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by an Imperial uncle or aunt and by his or her descendants.
   Article VIII.— When there is no such Imperial uncle or aunt, nor descendants of his or hers, the Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by the next nearest member among the rest of the Imperial Family.
   Article IX.— Among the Imperial brothers and sisters, and the remote Imperial relations, precedence shall be given in the same degree to the descendants of full blood over those of half blood, and to the elder over the younger.
   Article X.— When the Imperial heir is suffering from an incurable disease of mind or body, or when any other weighty cause exists, the order of succession may be changed in accordance with the foregoing provisions, with the advice of the Imperial Family Council and with that of the Privy Council.

Chapter II. Accession and Enthronement.
   Article XI.— Upon the demise of the Emperor, the Imperial heir shall ascend the Throne, and shall acquire the divine treasures of the Imperial ancestors.
   Article XII.— The ceremonies of Coronation shall be performed, and a grand Coronation banquet (Daijosai) shall be held at Tenkyo.
   Article XIII.— Upon an accession to the Throne a new era shall be inaugurated, and the name of it shall, unless with the consent of the Privy Council, remain unchanged during the whole reign, in agreement with the established rule of the 1st year of Keio.

Chapter III. Majority, Institution of Empress and of Heir-Apparent.
   Article XIV.— The Emperor, the Kotaishi, and the Kotaison, shall attain their majority at the age of eighteen full years.
   Article XV.— Members of the Imperial Family other than those mentioned in the preceding article shall attain their majority at eighteen full years of age.
   Article XVI.— The child of the Emperor who is Heir-apparent shall be called ‘Kotaishi’. In case there is no Kotaishi, the Imperial grandchild who is Heir-apparent shall be called ‘Kotaison’.
   Article XVII.— The Institution of Empress and that of Kotaison shall be proclaimed by Imperial rescript.

Chapter IV. Styles of Address.
   Article XVIII.— The style of address for the Emperor, the Grand Empress-Dowager, the Empress-Dowager, and of the Empress, shall be His, Her, or Your Imperial Majesty.
   Article XIX.— The Kotaison and his consort, the Imperial Princes and their consorts, the Imperial Princesses, the Princes and their consorts, and the Princesses, shall be styled His, Her, Their, or Your Highness, or Highnesses.

Chapter V. Regency.
   Article XX.— When the Emperor is a minor, a Regency shall be instituted. When he is prevented by some permanent cause from personally governing, a Regency shall be instituted, with the advice of the Imperial Family Council and with that of the Privy Council.
   Article XXI.— The Regency shall be assumed by the Kotaishi or the Kotaison, they being of age.
   Article XXII.— When there is neither Kotaishi or Kotaison, or when the Kotaishi or Kotaison has not arrived at his majority, the Regency shall be assumed in the following order:
      1.)   An Imperial Prince or a Prince.
      2.)   The Empress.
      3.)   An Imperial Princess or a Princess.
      4.)   The Empress-Dowager.
      5.)   The Grand Empress-Dowager.
   Article XXIII.— In case the Regency is to be be assumed from among the male members of the Imperial Family, it shall be done in agreement with the order of succession to the Imperial Throne. The same shall apply to the case of female members of the Imperial Family.
   Article XXIV.— A female member of the Imperial Family whom is not a direct descendant of the reigning Emperor or the previous Emperor shall only assume the Regency provided they have no consort.
   Article XXV.— When, on account of the minority of the nearest related member of the Imperial Family, or for some other cause, another member has to assume the Regency, the latter shall not, upon the arrival at majority of the above-mentioned nearest related member, or upon the disappearance of the aforesaid cause, resign his or her post in favour of any person other than of the Kotaishi or Kotaison.
   Article XXVI.— When a Regent, or one who should become such, is suffering from an incurable disease of mind or body, or when any other weighty cause exists therefore, the order of the Regency may be changed, with the advice of the Imperial Family Council and that of the Privy Council.

Chapter VI. The Imperial Governor.
   Article XXVII.— When the Emperor is a minor, an Imperial Governor shall be appointed to take charge of his bringing-up and of his education.
   Article XXVIII.— In case no Imperial Governor has been nominated in the will of the preceding Emperor, the Regent shall appoint one, with the advice of the Imperial Family Council and with that of the Privy Council.
   Article XXIX.— Neither the Regent nor any of his descendants can be appointed Imperial Governor.
   Article XXX.— The Imperial Governor cannot be removed from his post by the Regent, unless upon the advice of the Imperial Family Council and upon that of the Privy Council.

Chapter VII. The Imperial Family.
   Article XXXI.— The term ‘Imperial Family’ shall include the Grand Empress-Dowager, the Empress-Dowager, the Empress, the Kotaishi and his consort, the Kotaison and his consort, the Imperial Princes and their consorts, the Imperial Princesses and their consorts, the Princes and their consorts, and the Princesses and their consorts.
   Article XXXII.— From Imperial sons to Imperial great-great-grandsons Imperial male descendants shall be called Imperial Princes, and from Imperial daughters to Imperial great-great-granddaughters Imperial female descendants shall be called Imperial Princesses. From the fifth generation downward the male descendants shall be called Princes, the female ones Princesses.
   Article XXXIII.— When the Imperial Throne is succeeded to by a member of a branch line, the title of Imperial Prince or Imperial Princess shall be specially granted to the Imperial brothers and sisters, they being already Princes and Princesses.
   Article XXXIV.— The births, namings, marriages, and deaths in the Imperial Family shall be announced by the Minister of the Imperial Household.
   Article XXXV.— Genealogical and other records relating to the matter mentioned in the preceding article shall be kept in the Imperial Archives.
   Article XXXVI.— The members of the Imperial Family shall be under the control of the Emperor.
   Article XXXVII.— When a Regency is instituted, the Regent shall exercise the power of control referred to in the preceding article.
   Article XXXVIII.— When a member, male or female, of the Imperial Family is a minor, and has been bereft of his or her father, the officials of the Imperial Court shall be ordered to take charge of his or her education. Under certain circumstances the Emperor may either approve the guardian chosen by his or her parent or may nominate one.
   Article XXXIX.— The guardian of a member of the Imperial Family must be himself a member thereof and of age.
   Article XL.— Marriages of members of the Imperial Family shall be regulated by the Emperor at the advisement of the Imperial Household Ministry.
   Article XLI.— Marriages of the members of the Imperial Family shall be subject to the sanction of the Emperor.
   Article XLII.— The Imperial writs sanctioning the marriages of members of the Imperial Family shall bear the counter-signature of the Minister of the Imperial Household.
   Article XLIII.— No member of the Imperial Family can adopt anyone as his son.
   Article XLIV.— When a member of the Imperial Family wishes to travel beyond the boundaries of the country, he must first obtain the sanction of the Emperor.
   Article XLV.— A female member of the Imperial Family who has married a subject shall be excluded from membership in the Imperial Family. However, she may be allowed, by special grace of the Emperor, to retain her title of Imperial Princess or Princess, as the case may be.

Chapter VIII. Imperial Hereditary Estates.
   Article XLVI.— No landed or other property than has been fixed as the hereditary estate shall be divided up or alienated.
   Article XLVII.— The landed or other property to be included in the Imperial hereditary estates shall be settled by Imperial writ, with the advice of the Privy Council, and shall be announced by the Minister of the Imperial Household.

Chapter IX. Expenditures of the Imperial House.
   Article XLVIII.— The expenditures of the imperial House of all kinds shall be defrayed out of the National Treasury, at a certain fixed amount.
   Article XLIX.— The estimates and audits of accounts of the expenditure of the Imperial House, and all other rules of the kind, shall be regulated by the Finance Regulations of the Imperial House.

Chapter X. Litigation; Disciplinary Rules for the Members of the Imperial Family.
   Article L.— Litigation between the members of the Imperial Family shall be decided by judicial functionaries specially designated by the Emperor, in the Department of the Imperial Household, and execution issued after the Imperial sanction has been obtained thereto.
   Article LI.— Civil actions brought by private individuals against members of the Imperial Family shall be decided in the Court of Appeal in Shinkyo. Members of the Imperial Family shall, however, be represented by lawyers, and no personal attendance in the court shall be required of them.
   Article LII.— No member of the Imperial Family can be arrested or summoned before a court of law unless the sanction of the Emperor has first been obtained thereto.
   Article LIII.— When a member of the Imperial Family has committed an act derogatory to his or her dignity, or when he has exhibited disloyalty to the Imperial House, he shall, by way of disciplinary punishment, and by order of the Emperor, be deprived of the whole or part of the privileges belonging to him as member of the Imperial Family, or shall be suspended therefrom.
   Article LIV.— When a member of the Imperial Family acts in a way tending to the squandering of his or her property, he shall be declared incapable by the Emperor, prohibited from administering his property, and a manager shall be appointed therefor.
   Article LV.— The two foregoing articles shall be sanctioned upon the advice of the Imperial Family Council.

Chapter XI. The Imperial Family Council.
   Article LVI.— The Imperial Family Council shall be composed of the members of the Imperial Family who have reached the age of majority. The Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, the President of the Privy Council, the Minister of the Imperial Household, the Minister of State for Justice, and the President of the Court of Cassation, shall be ordered to take part in the deliberations of the Council.
   Article LVII.— The Emperor personally presides over the meeting of the Imperial Family Council, or directs one of the Imperial Family to do so.

Chapter XII. Supplementary Rules.
   Article LVIII.— Those of the present members of the Imperial Family of the fifth generation and downwards, who have already been invested with the title of Imperial Prince, shall retain the same as heretofore.
   Article LIX.— The order of succession to the Imperial Throne shall in every case relate to the descendants of the absolute lineage. There shall be no admission to this line of succession to anyone, as a consequence of his now being an adopted Imperial son, Koyushi, or heir to princely house.
   Article LX.— The grades of rank among the Imperial Princes, Imperial Princesses, and Princes and Princesses, shall be abolished. The family rank of Imperial Princes and all usages conflicting with the present law shall be abolished.
   Article LXI.— The property, annual expenses, and all other rules concerning members of the Imperial Family shall be specially determined.
   Article LXII.— When in the future it shall become necessary either to amend or make additions to the present law, the matter shall be decided by the Emperor, with the advice of the Imperial Family Council and with that of the Privy Council.

Amendment I. Abdication.
   Article I.— The Emperor shall, with the assent of the Imperial Family Council and the Privy Council, be permitted to abdicate from the throne within three years of stating his intention to abdicate.
   Article II.— Procedures regarding the accession to the throne of the Heir Apparent shall remain the same as following the demise of the Emperor.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on January 06, 2024, 04:19:27 AM
On Teido, Part One: Overview and Priesthood

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A Torii gate

   Teido (帝道, Teidō, "the Imperial Way") is a religion originating from Daitō. Classified as an East Ardian religion by scholars, its practitioners often regard it as Daitō's indigenous religion and a nature religion. Scholars sometimes call its practitioners Teidoists, although adherents rarely use that term themselves. Until the 1870s, there was no central authority in control of Teido, with much diversity still existing among its many practitioners. A polytheistic and animistic religion, Teido revolves around supernatural entities called the kami (神). The kami are believed to inhabit all things, including forces of nature and prominent landscape locations. They are worshipped at kamidana household shrines, family shrines, and jinja public shrines. The latter are staffed by priests, known as kannushi, who oversee offerings of food and drink to the specific kami enshrined at that location. This is done to cultivate harmony between humans and kami and to solicit the latter's blessing. Other common rituals include the kagura dances, rites of passage, and seasonal festivals. Public shrines facilitate forms of divination and supply religious objects, such as amulets, to the religion's adherents. Teido places a major conceptual focus on ensuring purity, largely by cleaning practices such as ritual washing and bathing, especially before worship. Little emphasis is placed on specific moral codes or particular afterlife beliefs, although the dead are deemed capable of becoming kami. The religion has no single creator or specific doctrine, and instead exists in a diverse range of local and regional forms.

Priesthood
   While historically, up until the 1870s, the Teidō faith was heavily decentralized, with each shrine being largely separate from others short of the deity being venerated, this was changed following the Keiō Restoration. At first transformed into an almost ideological practice, or "State Teidō", the priesthood, too, was reformed. In the place of independent shrines and Kannushi, the shrines became regulated first under the "Department of Divinities" (later made a cabinet-level Ministry) before being merged into the Ministry of Religion in 1872. This Ministry lasted until 1877, when it was demoted to the Bureau of Shrines and Temples, which remained in place until 1905, when it was renamed the Bureau of Shrines. This Bureau managed the state-enforced form of Teidō, while the Bureau of Religions managed non-endorsed branches of the faith, as well as all other religions in the Empire, until 1946 when it was abolished, with its structures being merged with the other Teidō sects to form the modern hierarchy of the Teidō faith.

   As of the present day, the Teidō Priesthood comprises five ranks, four of which can be attained by any member of the priesthood:
   1.) The Emperor (天皇, Tennō) - Nominal head of the Teidō faith, but whose role is limited to performing key rituals throughout the year.
   2.) High Priest (大祭司, Dai-Saishi) - Elected Chief of Divinities for the Teidō faith, the position is held for life. It can be compared with the position of a Pope or the Grand Maester of the Rosari faith.
   3.) Grand Priest (大神主, Ōkannushi) - Appointed by the Dai-Saishi, these priests govern districts within the faith and have the right to elect the next Dai-Saishi. Grand Priests are appointed to Grand Shrines across the country.
   4.) Head Priest (宮司, Gūji) - Gūji are the head priests of a given Teidō shrine, administering their "territory", so to speak, and leading the majority of religious ceremonies.
   5.) Priest (神主, Kannushi) - Kannushi, or Priests, are the lowest rung in the hierarchy of the Teidō faith. As with the other ranks within the Priesthood, only men can hold this position, while women are allowed to join as Miko. In the grand scheme of things, such requirements have only been around for a short period, with female priests being pushed out of their office in 1868 following the restoration.

   Miko (巫女), also known in English as Shrine Maidens (though the former is far more common), are the female counterparts of the Kannushi, often being perceived in foreign circles as subservient to them. In truth, however, under the Teidō faith, the only thing which puts a Miko under a Kannushi is their rank, with there being three of such ranks in the Teidō faith. These are as follows:
   1.) Saiō (斎王) - Equivalent in rank to the High Priest of the Teidō faith, the Saiō is an unmarried female member of the Imperial Family who is appointed upon the accession of a new Emperor. Always serving at the Meiwa Grand Shrine, their role, in comparison to the more publicized one of the High Priest, is a deeply spiritual one, conducting festivals and rituals throughout the year, as well as performing charity work throughout Daito.
   2.) Daisai-ō (大斎王) - The Daisai-ō is the head of a shrine's Miko, largely acting in a supervisory role. This position is held by the longest-serving Miko at a shrine and is seen as equal in rank to the Head Priest.
   3.) Miko (巫女) - Miko are young "priestesses" who work at Teidō shrines. Once seen as shamans, they are understood in Fusanese culture to perform an institutionalized role in daily life, trained to perform tasks ranging from sacred cleansing to performing the Kagura dance. In the modern day, Miko are most often university students who sign on with a shrine part-time in order to earn money, however, some do stay on after their education if they feel called to do so.
Title: Re: Civil Factbook of the Empire of Daitō
Post by: Daitō on January 07, 2024, 04:02:00 AM
On Teido, Part Two: Beliefs and Practices

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A 3,000 year old sacred tree (shintai) in Odoshi Shrine, Fukusaki
Beliefs
Kami
   Teido is a polytheistic religion, involving the veneration of many deities known as kami, or sometimes as jingi. In Fusanese, no distinction is made here between singular and plural, and hence the term kami refers both to individual kami and the collective group of kami. Although lacking a direct English translation, the term has sometimes been rendered as "god" or "spirit". The historian of religion Sadazane Kadokawa deemed these English translations "quite unsatisfactory and misleading", and various scholars urge against translating kami into English. In Fusanese, it is often said that there are eight million kami, a term which connotes an infinite number, and Teido practitioners generally believe that they are present everywhere. They are not considered omnipresent nor omnipotent, nor are they, beyond a few notable cases, considered necessarily immortal.

   The term kami is one that is "conceptually fluid", being "vague and imprecise". In Fusanese, it is often applied to the power of phenomena that inspire a sense of wonder and awe in the beholder. Kadokawa referred to this as "the kami nature", stating that he thought it "somewhat analogous" to the Occidental ideas of the numinous and the sacred. Kami are seen to inhabit both the living and the dead, organic and inorganic matter, and natural disasters like earthquakes, droughts, and plagues; their presence is seen in natural forces such as the wind, rain, fire, and sunlight. Accordingly, many researchers have commented over the years that Teido regards the actual phenomena of the world as being divine. This perspective has thus been characterized as being animistic.

   In Fusan, kami have been venerated since prehistory. During the Choshi period, they were likely regarded as formless and invisible, only later coming to be depicted anthropomorphically under Buddhist influence. Now, statues of the kami are known as shinzo. Kami are typically associated with a specific place, often a prominent landscape feature such as a waterfall, mountain, large rock, or distinctive tree. Physical objects or places in which the kami are believed to have a presence are termed shintai; objects inhabited by the kami that are placed in the shrine are known as go-shintai. Objects commonly chosen for this purpose include mirrors, swords, stones, beads, and inscribed tablets. These go-shintai are concealed from the view of visitors, and may be hidden inside boxes so that even the priests do not know what they look like.

   While one may be quick to assume that the kami are, by their very nature, good, they are deemed within Fusan as being capable of both benevolent and destructive deeds; if warnings about good conduct are ignored, the kami can mete out punishment, often illness or sudden death, called shinbatsu. Some kami, referred to as the magatsuhi-no-kami or araburu kami, are regarded as malevolent and destructive. Offerings and prayers are given to the kami to gain their blessings and to dissuade them from destructive actions. Teido seeks to cultivate and ensure a harmonious relationship between humans and the kami and thus with the natural world. More localized kami may be subject to feelings of intimacy and familiarity from members of the local community that are not directed towards more widespread kami like Amaterasu. The kami of a particular community is referred to it as their ujigami, while that of a particular house is the yashikigami.

   Kami are not deemed metaphysically different from humanity, with it being possible for humans to become kami. Dead humans are sometimes venerated as kami, being regarded as protector or ancestral figures, most often in the cases of yashikigami. One of the most prominent examples is that of the Emperor Ōjin, who on his death was enshrined as the kami Hachiman, believed to be a protector of Fusan and a kami of war. In Fusanese culture, ancestors can be viewed as a form of kami. In southern Fusan, the term jigami is used to describe the enshrined kami of a village founder. In some cases, living human beings were also viewed as kami; these were called akitsumi kami or arahito-gami. Notable cases of this includes the Emperor of Fusan during the Keiō era and the early Kunan era, as well as the leaders of some smaller sects of the faith. Although some kami are venerated only in a single location, others have shrines across many areas. Hachiman, for instance, is estimated to have around 28,000 shrines dedicated to him, while Inari has 56,000. The act of establishing a new shrine to a kami who already has one is called bunrei ("dividing the spirit"). As part of this, the kami is invited to enter a new place, with the instalment ceremony known as a kanjo. The new, subsidiary shrine is known as a bunsha. Individual kami are not believed to have their power diminished by their residence in multiple locations, and there is no limit on the number of places a kami can be enshrined.

   While the term kami cannot be accurately translated into English, there is a certain form of kami which can more accurately be described as gods in the Occidental sense of the term. These are the Ōgami (lit. "Great Kami"), whose worship is practiced across the nation and whom form the core beliefs of the faith. These ōgami, numbering nineteen in total, are generally said to hold significant sway over the universe as a whole or aspects of mankind, such as the sun and moon in the former case and warfare and intellect in the later. They are joined by the five Kotoamatsukami, the progenitor gods who came into existence at the dawn of time and whom created—or were created in, in older versions of the story—Takamagahara, the Plane of High Heaven, and the kamiyo-nanayo, the "Seven Generations of the Age of Gods", whom emerged after the formation of heaven and earth.
Cosmogony
   Although the narratives differ in detail, the origin of the kami and of Fusan itself are recounted in two Kofun period texts, the Kojiki and Fusō Shoki. Drawing heavily on foreign influences, these texts were likely commissioned by ruling elites to legitimize and consolidate their rule. Although never of great importance to Fusanese religious life, up until the early 20th century and during the Yokusan period, the government deemed these texts factual. The Kojiki recounts that the universe started with ame-tsuchi, the separation of light and pure elements (ame, "heaven") from heavy elements (tsuchi, "earth"). Three kami then appeared: Amenominakanushi, Takamimusuhi no Mikoto, and Kamimusuhi no Mikoto. Other kami then followed, including a brother and sister, Izanagi and Izanami. The kami instructed Izanagi and Izanami to create land on earth. To this end, the siblings stirred the briny sea with a jeweled spear, from which Onogoro Island was formed. Izanagi and Izanami then descended into the world, where the latter gave birth to further kami. One of these was a fire kami, whose birth killed Izanami. Izanagi thus descended into yomi to retrieve his sister, but there he saw her body putrefying. Embarrassed to be seen in this state, she chased him out of yomi, and he closed its entrance with a boulder.

   It is thus said that Izanagi bathed himself in the sea so as to rid himself from the pollution brought about by witnessing Izanami's putrefaction. Through this act, further kami emerged from his body: Amaterasu, the sun goddess, was born from his left eye, Tsukuyomi, the god of the moon, from his right eye, and Susanoo, the storm god, from his nose. Susanoo behaved in a destructive manner, and so, in order to escape him Amaterasu hid herself within a cave, plunging the earth into darkness. The other kami eventually succeeded in coaxing her out. For his actions, Susanoo was then banished to Mundus, where he married and had children. According to the Kojiki, Amaterasu then sent her grandson, Ninigi, to rule Fusan, giving him curved beads, a mirror, and a sword: the symbols of Fusanese Imperial authority. To this day, Amaterasu remains Fusan's most venerated deity, with the primary sect, to which the Imperial House belongs, primarily worshipping her while acknowledging the existence of and permitting the veneration of the other ōgami, leading to its being deemed as henotheistic.
Cosmology and the Afterlife
   In Teido, the creative principle permeating all life is known as musubi, and is associated with its own kami. Within traditional Fusanese thought, there is no concept of an overarching duality between good and evil. The concept of aki encompasses misfortune, unhappiness, and disaster, although it does not correspond precisely with the Occidental concept of evil. There is generally no eschatology—that is, no end of the world—within the faith. Texts such as the Kojiki and the Fusō Shoki portray multiple realms in Teido cosmology. These present a universe divided into three parts: the Plane of High Heaven (Takama-no-hara), where the kami—including humans venerated as such—live; the Phenomenal or Manifested World (Utsushi-yo), where humans dwell; the Nether World (Yomi), where the souls of those not venerated as Kami dwell.
Takamagahara — The Plane of High Heaven
   Takamagahara, or the "Plane of High Heaven" as it is directly translated in English, is the abode of the amatsukami and is, per an account in the Kojiki, the birthplace of the gods. While there are numerous theories as to its location owing to certain pieces of evidence, the orthodox position within the Teido faith maintains that the "Celestial Theory", whereby the gods must be in the heavens or the universe above the heavens since high heavens are the dwelling place of the gods, is the correct interpretation of the numerous sacred texts of the religion. This plane is said to be connected to the world by way of the Ame-no-ukihashi (Floating Bridge of Heaven). Under mainstream Teido, Takamagahara is seen as a paradise for those who follow the faith, while Yomi, the land of the dead, is where those who do not practice it shall dwell in a similar fashion as they did in life.
Ashihara no Nakatsukuni — The Land of the Living
   Ashihara no Nakatsukuni, or the "Middle Country of Reed Beds", is, in Teido, the world between Takamagahara and Yomi. While it can be used to refer to Fusan specifically, most modern interpretations of the term use it to refer to the mortal plane, with the name coming from Fusan's land being damp and covered with reeds in ancient times, while the word "middle" comes from the understanding of the Onishi that the lands they resided within were at the center of the world. Today, it instead refers to the Mortal plane's metaphorical position between the lands of the dead and of the kami.
Yomi — The Land of the Dead
   Located "beneath" the other two planes, Yomi, or Yomi-no-Kuni, is the land of the dead in the Teido faith. While returning from it has been claimed possible by some scholars, allowing for a limited form of reincarnation, the general understanding is that once one has eaten at the hearth of Yomi, it is impossible to return to the land of the living. A notable story relating to the realm comes from the faith's early days, when Izanagi, the creator god, followed his wife, Izanami, to the realm following her death, subsequently returning and creating Amaterasu, Susanoo, and Tsukuyomi as he cleansed himself of its impurity. Yet while Yomi as a whole cannot be described as a paradise, it likewise cannot in its entirety be defined as a world of punishment. Rather, the dead who come to dwell in Yomi—those whom are not venerated as kami (something which isn't rare due to the practice of ancestor worship across the faith)—carry on a gloomy and shadowy existence in perpetuity, regardless of their behavior in life. There are some acts in life, however, that if not purified of prior to death, will result in the suffering of the deceased, though what form this takes is not described.
Purity, Morality, and Ethics
Purity and Impurity
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A Teido practitioner participates in a purification ritual under a waterfall
   A key theme of Teido  is the avoidance of kegare ("pollution" or "impurity"), while ensuring harae ("purity"). In Fusanese thought, humans are seen as fundamentally pure. Kegare is therefore seen as being a temporary condition that can be corrected through achieving harae. Rites of purification are conducted so as to restore an individual to "spiritual" health and render them useful to society. This notion of purity is present in many facets of Fusanese culture, such as the focus it places on bathing. Purification is, for instance, regarded as important in preparation for the planting season, while performers of noh theatre undergo a purification rite before they carry out their performances. Among the things regarded as particular pollutants in Teido are death, disease, witchcraft, the flaying alive of an animal, incest, and bestiality, among others. To avoid kegare, priests  and other practitioners often partake in abstinence and avoid various activities prior to a festival or ritual. Various words, termed imi-kotoba, are also regarded as taboo, and people avoid speaking them when at a shrine; these include shi (death), byō (illness), and shishi (meat).

   A purification ceremony known as misogi involves the use of fresh water, salt water, or salt to remove kegare. Full immersion in the sea is often regarded as the most ancient and efficacious form of purification. This act links with the mythological tale in which Izanagi immersed himself in the sea to purify himself after discovering his deceased wife; it was from this act that other kami sprang from his body. An alternative is immersion beneath a waterfall, while salt is often regarded as a purifying substance, as is fire.
Kannagara, morality, and ethics
   While Teido lacks a codified ethical doctrine, an ethical system has nevertheless arisen from its practice. This system of ethics places emphasis on sincerity (makoto), honesty (tadashii), hard work (tsui-shin), and thanksgiving (kansha) directed towards the kami. Shojiki is regarded as a virtue, encompassing honesty, uprightness, veracity, and frankness. Teido sometimes includes reference to four virtues known as the akaki kiyoki kokoro or sei-mei-shin, meaning "purity and cheerfulness of heart", which are linked to the state of harae. Attitudes to sex and fertility tend to be forthright in Teido. Teido's flexibility regarding morality and ethics has been a source of frequent criticism, especially from those arguing that the religion can readily become a pawn for those wishing to use it to legitimise their authority and power. In Teido, kannagara ("way of the kami") is the law of the natural order, with wa ("benign harmony") being inherent in all things. Disrupting wa is deemed bad, contributing to it is thought good; and as a result, subordination of the individual to the larger social unit has long been a characteristic of the religion. Throughout Fusanese history, the notion of saisei-itchi, or the union of religious authority and political authority, has long been prominent. In the modern world, Teido has tended toward conservatism and nationalism, certainly not helped by its politicization under the Yokusankai from 1939 until the 1960s. However, since the 1980s, there has been an undercurrent within the faith which seeks to counteract these more conservative elements within the faith.